# Across

Markdown version of https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across

## Summary

- Last 24h volume: $22.68 M
- Last 24h transfer count: 26.91 K
- Last 24h top path: Ethereum ↔ Robinhood Chain ($3.60 M)
- Last 24h avg. transfer time: 5s
- Last 24h avg. transfer value: $843.15
- Last 24h tokens by volume: [USDC](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/9HN5PN/circle/usdc) ($11.78 M), [ETH](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/C0Hmkq/ethereum/eth) ($6.69 M), [USDT](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/xxeNQv/tether/usdt) ($4.66 M), and 6 more
- Last 24h top token: [USDC](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/9HN5PN/circle/usdc) ($11.78 M volume, 9.90 K transfers)
- Last 24h transfer size: Under $100: 17.86 K transfers, $100-$1K: 6.47 K transfers, $1K-$10K: 2.22 K transfers, $10K-$100K: 334 transfers, Over $100K: 16 transfers (min under $0.01, average $843.15, max $399.94 K)
- Last 24h transfer type distribution: Non-minting: $22.68 M

### About

Intent framework specialised on popular chains and assets, speed and security.

## Volume and flows

### Top chains by volume (last 24h)

A transfer counts toward the volume of both its source and its destination chain, so the chain volumes add up to more than the total volume.

- Ethereum: $12.72 M (11.40 K transfers)
- Robinhood Chain: $9.15 M (10.40 K transfers)
- Arbitrum One: $6.89 M (5.73 K transfers)
- and 14 more

### Top routes by volume (last 24h)

- Robinhood Chain → HyperEVM: $3.37 M
- Ethereum → Robinhood Chain: $2.13 M
- Arbitrum One → Ethereum: $1.97 M
- BNB Smart Chain → Ethereum: $1.65 M
- Robinhood Chain → Ethereum: $1.46 M
- Ethereum → Arbitrum One: $1.46 M
- Ethereum → BNB Smart Chain: $1.07 M
- Ethereum → Base: $821.89 K
- Base → Ethereum: $621.23 K
- Base → Arbitrum One: $581.53 K

The flows between chains are an interactive graph on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across#interop-volume).

## Description

Intent framework specialised on popular chains and assets, speed and security.

### Crosschain transfer flow

The user initiates a transfer (sometimes called an intent) by depositing into the local chain "SpokePool" contract. The deposit specifies the recipient, the destination chain, the amount, the input token, the output token, a fill deadline by which the destination chain transfer must complete, and an optional exclusivity window during which only a chosen relayer can fill. User funds remain in the SpokePool; the deposit's parameters are not persisted in contract storage but only captured in a FundsDeposited event log, which relayers index offchain to learn about deposits.

Relayers fill a crosschain request by calling the destination chain's SpokePool. During the exclusivity window only the chosen relayer can fill; after it expires anyone can. No fill is accepted past the fill deadline. Funds go to the user and the relay hash is marked Filled in the SpokePool's fillStatuses mapping to prevent double-fills.

### Across V5 Gateway executions

Deposits tagged with a special message prefix commit to an execution in the new Gateway contract and can only be filled through it: regular fills and the slow-fill path are blocked for them, and unfilled V5 deposits are refunded on the origin chain after the fill deadline like any other deposit. A V5 user signs a Merkle tree of alternative execution paths (e.g. different destination chains or routes) instead of one fixed order. Any solver can then execute one of the committed paths through the Gateway, which pulls the user's funds via standing token approvals or signed permits (Permit2, EIP-3009, ERC-2612) and runs the committed steps, of which the bridge fill can be one among several (e.g. swaps). The destination SpokePool validates the fill against the user's committed bounds (recipient, output token, minimum output amount) and pulls the output tokens from the standing approvals of the solver, who is then repaid through the unchanged root bundle settlement. The Gateway can be upgraded without delay by a multisig, which puts standing token approvals to the Gateway (and, transitively, relayers' standing approvals to the SpokePools) at risk if it is compromised.

### Relayer repayments

When a crosschain transfer is fulfilled, the relayer specifies on which chain and to which address they want to be repaid. A whitelisted proposer periodically posts a "root bundle" to the HubPool containing how much the protocol owes to each relayer (relayer refunds) and the pool rebalances needed so that there is enough liquidity on each chain for the refunds to be paid. The correctness of these roots is crucial; otherwise relayers could lie about filling a transfer and capture user funds.

Root bundles settle in two levels:

1. Optimistic (Across-native): the proposer bonds 0.45 ABT (a simple ETH wrapper, not to be confused with the ACX governance token) and the root sits in a challenge period of 30m. If unchallenged, the bundle executes; UMA is not involved in this happy path.
2. Dispute escalation (UMA): anyone can call disputeRootBundle() within the challenge period by posting an equal counter-bond. The disputed bundle is discarded immediately so a new proposal can be submitted, while the dispute itself is escalated to UMA's optimistic oracle, which resolves via UMA token voting; the losing party loses their bond.

For chains with a canonical L1 to L2 messenger, tokens and admin / refund messages move from the HubPool to each SpokePool through that chain's canonical bridge via a per-chain adapter. For chains without one (BNB Smart Chain, HyperEVM, Plasma, Tempo, Tron, ...), Across uses universal adapters: the HubPool writes the message calldata into the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, and the destination chain reads it by verifying a storage proof against Ethereum's state through a light client contract on the destination. Tokens travel via LayerZero OFT, or via Circle CCTP for USDC.

LPs can provide single-token liquidity to the HubPool to front relayer refunds across chains, earning yield from an LP fee captured on every transfer.

## Top tokens by volume

The interactive tokens table is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across#interop-tokens).

## Transfers

The interactive transfers table is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across#interop-transfers).

## Updates

Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs.

### [2026-09-15 11:28 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=2945753d) (high severity, 7 changes)

Some rebalance routes removed (this allowed relayers to get refunded in these token/chain combinations) and 7702 delegation.

### [2026-08-25 08:49 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=d16a4058) (high severity, 3 changes)

7702 auth removed.

### [2026-08-17 08:58 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=93b9a0e8) (high severity, 21 changes)

Across V5 upgrade: new Gateway contract and two new fill entrypoints for v5 deposits. In executor mode, the SpokePool pulls the output tokens from the Gateway's current solver using the relayer's standing approvals to the SpokePool.

The Gateway executes user-signed intent 'paths': anyone can submit one, and the Gateway pulls the depositor's funds via standing allowances or signed permits (Permit2 witness, EIP-3009, ERC-2612, EIP-712 transferFrom auths). It is owned and upgradable (no delay) by a new 3/5 'Across Gateway Multisig'.

### [2026-08-12 12:20 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=fba25291) (7 changes)

More pool rebalance routes were disabled (see below for explanation).

### [2026-08-10 08:52 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=bcdea11c) (4 changes)

More pool rebalance routes across ten destination chains were disabled (see below for explanation).

### [2026-07-29 11:39 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=a3cfd192) (13 changes)

13 pool rebalance routes across ten destination chains were disabled by setting their destination token to the zero address. HubPool rejects root-bundle execution for disabled routes, so these token/chain pairs can no longer be used for pool rebalances and relayer refunds.

### [2026-07-23 13:53 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=8bfe499c) (22 changes)

22 pool rebalance routes were disabled by setting their destination tokens to the zero address.

### [2026-07-08 11:26 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=d76372e0) (high severity, 26 changes)

7702 delegation of the `protocolFeeCaptureAddress` EOA.

some `poolRebalanceRoutes` (UMA v1, ACX,..) are routed to the zero address, meaning they are now unsupported.

### [2026-06-26 09:05 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=78ab05fb) (25 changes)

Address PR review feedback:
- `AcrossBondToken` proposers permission is deduped into a single description that clarifies the two-level settlement model: proposals are bonded with ABT and settle optimistically on the HubPool with no UMA involvement; UMA token voting only kicks in when a dispute is raised via `disputeRootBundle()` within the challenge period.
- Universal-adapter descriptions: replace the `{{DATA_STORE}}` template placeholder, which was rendering as a raw `eth:0x…` address, with the literal contract name `HubPoolStore` so the prose reads naturally.

Also catches up to onchain state since the last main discovery: two newly registered chain mappings (`CrossChainContracts` + `Adapters`) and a couple of `poolRebalanceRoutes` re-points/disables.

### [2026-05-21 09:25 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=e255e5b0) (1 change)

spoke contract on tron updated.

### [2026-04-13 09:01 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=78920953) (3 changes)

add adapter for Tron.

### [2026-03-24 12:00 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=ca0d1980) (high severity, 3 changes)

7702 delegation.

### [2026-03-02 08:58 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/across?update=161a4ab4) (48 changes)

ms change.

## Permissions

### Ethereum

#### Actors

##### OptimisticGovernor

Addresses: [0x8692B776d1Ff0664177c90465038056Dc64f8991](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8692B776d1Ff0664177c90465038056Dc64f8991)

Optimistic Governance module allowing for proposals by anyone with a bond of 2 WETH. They become executable if not challenged within 2d. The rules for proposals can be read directly from the contract values.
- Can upgrade **with 2d delay**
  - Ethereum_SpokePool [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay → HubPool]
  - OP_SpokePool [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay → HubPool]
- Can interact with AcrossConfigStore
  - update configuration values **with 2d delay** [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay]
- Can interact with AdapterStore
  - set the token-to-messenger mappings that adapters use to route OFT cross-chain transfers **with 2d delay** [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay]
- Can interact with Ethereum_SpokePool
  - relay and delete root bundles, pause the contract, manage routes, set the withdrawal recipient (crosschain rebalancing target) **with 2d delay** [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay → HubPool]
- Can interact with OptimisticGovernor
  - set guard, avatar, target, delay, identifier, escalationManager, bond token and amount **with 2d delay** [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay]
- Can interact with HubPool
  - pause the system, manage all fees, bonds and security parameters, manage tokens and chain support, and critical emergency actions like admin functions on remote SpokePools or deleting proposals (can steal funds) **with 2d delay** [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay]
- Can interact with AcrossBondToken (ABT)
  - manage the proposer role **with 2d delay** [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay]
- Can interact with OP_SpokePool
  - relay and delete root bundles, pause the contract, manage routes, set the withdrawal recipient (crosschain rebalancing target) **with 2d delay** [via: Across Multisig with 2d delay → HubPool]

##### Across Multisig

Addresses: [0xB524735356985D2f267FA010D681f061DfF03715](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB524735356985D2f267FA010D681f061DfF03715)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold. It uses the following modules: OptimisticGovernor (Optimistic Governance module allowing for proposals by anyone with a bond of 2 WETH. They become executable if not challenged within 2d. The rules for proposals can be read directly from the contract values).
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - Ethereum_SpokePool [via: HubPool]
  - OP_SpokePool [via: HubPool]
- Can interact with AcrossConfigStore
  - update configuration values
- Can interact with AdapterStore
  - set the token-to-messenger mappings that adapters use to route OFT cross-chain transfers
- Can interact with Ethereum_SpokePool
  - relay and delete root bundles, pause the contract, manage routes, set the withdrawal recipient (crosschain rebalancing target) [via: HubPool]
- Can interact with OptimisticGovernor
  - set guard, avatar, target, delay, identifier, escalationManager, bond token and amount
- Can interact with HubPool
  - pause the system, manage all fees, bonds and security parameters, manage tokens and chain support, and critical emergency actions like admin functions on remote SpokePools or deleting proposals (can steal funds)
- Can interact with AcrossBondToken (ABT)
  - manage the proposer role
- Can interact with OP_SpokePool
  - relay and delete root bundles, pause the contract, manage routes, set the withdrawal recipient (crosschain rebalancing target) [via: HubPool]

Participants (5): [0x72b32C1a6A75CBAfAe36c0CA8e763946d370E766](https://etherscan.io/address/0x72b32C1a6A75CBAfAe36c0CA8e763946d370E766), [0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe](https://etherscan.io/address/0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe), [0x996267d7d1B7f5046543feDe2c2Db473Ed4f65e9](https://etherscan.io/address/0x996267d7d1B7f5046543feDe2c2Db473Ed4f65e9), [0xcc400c09ecBAC3e0033e4587BdFAABB26223e37d](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcc400c09ecBAC3e0033e4587BdFAABB26223e37d), [0x868CF19464e17F76D6419ACC802B122c22D2FD34](https://etherscan.io/address/0x868CF19464e17F76D6419ACC802B122c22D2FD34)

##### GovernorV2

Addresses: [0x7b292034084A41B9D441B71b6E3557Edd0463fa8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7b292034084A41B9D441B71b6E3557Edd0463fa8)

Central UMA governance contract. It executes administrative proposals that have been passed by UMA token holder votes.
- Can interact with VotingV2
  - set critical administrative parameters like migrating to a new contract and requesting governance actions (`requestPrice()`) directly
- Can interact with Registry
  - manage registered contracts
- Can interact with Finder
  - manage address mappings
- Can interact with ProposerV2
  - set the bond amount
- Can interact with Store
  - set fees for disputes and manage all roles in the contract
- Can interact with GovernorV2
  - manage all roles in the contract
- Can interact with EmergencyProposer
  - remove and slash proposals, set the bond amount and the expiry time, manage the executor address
- Can interact with IdentifierWhitelist
  - manage the whitelist
- Can interact with AddressWhitelist
  - manage the addresses on the whitelist
- Can interact with OptimisticOracleV3
  - set critical administrative parameters like default bonds, bond token, fees

##### Across Gateway Multisig

Addresses: [0x4c45F70B1d9a7A6D1984daccAd74D0E973B73F01](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4c45F70B1d9a7A6D1984daccAd74D0E973B73F01)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold.
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - Gateway

Participants (5): [0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe](https://etherscan.io/address/0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe), [0x2B9CAc7a18C70cBB6F6639571785b70a41B8AE03](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2B9CAc7a18C70cBB6F6639571785b70a41B8AE03), [0x996267d7d1B7f5046543feDe2c2Db473Ed4f65e9](https://etherscan.io/address/0x996267d7d1B7f5046543feDe2c2Db473Ed4f65e9), [0xe767C1fCbeC2F9B3a229B82bBC8aa21baC09BDB4](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe767C1fCbeC2F9B3a229B82bBC8aa21baC09BDB4), [0x4851ec4e5A5B392328b825ecD94aF1cA93Fd609e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4851ec4e5A5B392328b825ecD94aF1cA93Fd609e)

##### ProposerV2

Addresses: [0x50efaC9619225d7fB4703C5872da978849B6E7cC](https://etherscan.io/address/0x50efaC9619225d7fB4703C5872da978849B6E7cC)

Token governance contract allowing anyone to create a UMA governance proposal for a bond of 5,000 UMA tokens.
- Can interact with GovernorV2
  - propose governance actions

##### UMA Multisig

Addresses: [0x8180D59b7175d4064bDFA8138A58e9baBFFdA44a](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8180D59b7175d4064bDFA8138A58e9baBFFdA44a)

A Multisig with 2/4 threshold.
- Can interact with EmergencyProposer
  - remove proposals, execute emergency proposals

Participants (4): [0x363605C0bdE9F1F5053aDA30618d95dbFc109Bf5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x363605C0bdE9F1F5053aDA30618d95dbFc109Bf5), [0xcc400c09ecBAC3e0033e4587BdFAABB26223e37d](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcc400c09ecBAC3e0033e4587BdFAABB26223e37d), [0x72b32C1a6A75CBAfAe36c0CA8e763946d370E766](https://etherscan.io/address/0x72b32C1a6A75CBAfAe36c0CA8e763946d370E766), [0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe](https://etherscan.io/address/0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe)

##### EmergencyProposer

Addresses: [0x91F1804aCaf87C2D34A34A70be1bb16bB85D6748](https://etherscan.io/address/0x91F1804aCaf87C2D34A34A70be1bb16bB85D6748)

Token governance contract allowing anyone to create a UMA governance proposal for a bond of 5,000,000 UMA tokens. This circumvents the UMA optimistic oracle but can only be executed or removed after 10d, and only by UMA Multisig.
- Can interact with GovernorV2
  - can bypass the voting system and execute proposals immediately

##### EOA 1

Addresses: [0xf7bAc63fc7CEaCf0589F25454Ecf5C2ce904997c](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf7bAc63fc7CEaCf0589F25454Ecf5C2ce904997c)

- Can interact with AcrossBondToken (ABT)
  - propose new root bundles to the HubPool by posting an ABT bond. Proposals settle optimistically; only disputes (via `disputeRootBundle()`) escalate to UMA token voting

##### EOA 3

Addresses: [0x2bAaA41d155ad8a4126184950B31F50A1513cE25](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2bAaA41d155ad8a4126184950B31F50A1513cE25)

- Can interact with Store
  - withdraw fees

**Warning:** There are impactful changes to the following permissions, and part of the information might be outdated.

##### Gateway (impactful change)

Addresses: [0x998d7c178A1F9607b47eA3A8e22426451b3ce707](https://etherscan.io/address/0x998d7c178A1F9607b47eA3A8e22426451b3ce707)

Entry point for Across V5 intent executions. Anyone can submit a user-signed execution path: the Gateway pulls the depositor's funds via standing token approvals or signed permits (Permit2 witness permits, EIP-3009, ERC-2612, EIP-712 transfer authorizations), then calls the committed executor. While executing, it exposes the execution context (submitter, executor, step commitment) that the SpokePool trusts to authenticate V5 fills.
- Can interact with Ethereum_SpokePool
  - authenticate fills of V5-tagged deposits: only calls from this contract's live execution context can fill them, and executor-mode fills pull the output tokens from the standing token approvals that the current submitter (relayer) granted to the SpokePool

### OP Mainnet

#### Actors

##### Across Gateway Multisig

Addresses: [0xd396CcB6770EAB84045c9Bce2939c478639E2A7F](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0xd396CcB6770EAB84045c9Bce2939c478639E2A7F)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold.
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - Gateway

Participants (5): [0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0x837219D7a9C666F5542c4559Bf17D7B804E5c5fe), [0x2B9CAc7a18C70cBB6F6639571785b70a41B8AE03](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0x2B9CAc7a18C70cBB6F6639571785b70a41B8AE03), [0x996267d7d1B7f5046543feDe2c2Db473Ed4f65e9](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0x996267d7d1B7f5046543feDe2c2Db473Ed4f65e9), [0xe767C1fCbeC2F9B3a229B82bBC8aa21baC09BDB4](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0xe767C1fCbeC2F9B3a229B82bBC8aa21baC09BDB4), [0x4851ec4e5A5B392328b825ecD94aF1cA93Fd609e](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0x4851ec4e5A5B392328b825ecD94aF1cA93Fd609e)

##### EOA 2

Addresses: [0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - OP_SpokePool

**Warning:** There are impactful changes to the following permissions, and part of the information might be outdated.

##### Gateway (impactful change)

Addresses: [0x998d7c178A1F9607b47eA3A8e22426451b3ce707](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/address/0x998d7c178A1F9607b47eA3A8e22426451b3ce707)

Entry point for Across V5 intent executions. Anyone can submit a user-signed execution path: the Gateway pulls the depositor's funds via standing token approvals or signed permits (Permit2 witness permits, EIP-3009, ERC-2612, EIP-712 transfer authorizations), then calls the committed executor. While executing, it exposes the execution context (submitter, executor, step commitment) that the SpokePool trusts to authenticate V5 fills.
- Can interact with OP_SpokePool
  - authenticate fills of V5-tagged deposits: only calls from this contract's live execution context can fill them, and executor-mode fills pull the output tokens from the standing token approvals that the current submitter (relayer) granted to the SpokePool

## Smart contracts

![A diagram of the smart contract architecture](https://l2beat.com/static/images/architecture/across.8d93f9fb.png)

### Ethereum

#### HubPoolStore

Addresses: [0x1Ace3BbD69b63063F859514Eca29C9BDd8310E61](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1Ace3BbD69b63063F859514Eca29C9BDd8310E61#code)

Simple data store used by the Universal_Adapter to store message calldata hashes. The content of this calldata can be proven by Ethereum zk light clients on remote chains and then executed to relay root bundles or arbitrary messages.

#### AcrossConfigStore

Addresses: [0x3B03509645713718B78951126E0A6de6f10043f5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3B03509645713718B78951126E0A6de6f10043f5#code)

Simple, owner-controlled contract for storing protocol-wide, token-specific configuration data.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: Across Multisig; ultimately OptimisticGovernor

#### AdapterStore

Addresses: [0x42df4D71f35ffBD28ae217d52E83C1DA0007D63b](https://etherscan.io/address/0x42df4D71f35ffBD28ae217d52E83C1DA0007D63b#code)

A helper contract for chain adapters on the hub chain that support OFT messaging. Handles token -> messenger mapping.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: Across Multisig; ultimately OptimisticGovernor

#### Ethereum_SpokePool

Addresses: [0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code), [0x456Ac26E5ec083EE9889eBa0d1a0A582502B8e84](https://etherscan.io/address/0x456Ac26E5ec083EE9889eBa0d1a0A582502B8e84#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xc186fA914353c44b2E33eBE05f21846F1048bEda](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc186fA914353c44b2E33eBE05f21846F1048bEda#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 11, Last upgrade: 1mo 27d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 3mo 15d)

- 2026-08-14 18:02 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0x8149765132e15fb4f1dce1cab83f087ca099d778fee49191dff408069b734ad3](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x8149765132e15fb4f1dce1cab83f087ca099d778fee49191dff408069b734ad3), implementations: [0x456Ac26E5ec083EE9889eBa0d1a0A582502B8e84](https://etherscan.io/address/0x456Ac26E5ec083EE9889eBa0d1a0A582502B8e84#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x5E5B726C81f43B953a62AD87E2835C85c4D9Dd3B/eth:0x456Ac26E5ec083EE9889eBa0d1a0A582502B8e84))
- 2026-02-02 18:01 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0xce91ef569315a356ecbf8133df44de6a7f0cbbcc8f50433eb3ab5116d71a111f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xce91ef569315a356ecbf8133df44de6a7f0cbbcc8f50433eb3ab5116d71a111f), implementations: [0x5E5B726C81f43B953a62AD87E2835C85c4D9Dd3B](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5E5B726C81f43B953a62AD87E2835C85c4D9Dd3B#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xFBc81a18EcDa8E6A91275cFDF5FC6d91A7C5AE80/eth:0x5E5B726C81f43B953a62AD87E2835C85c4D9Dd3B))
- 2025-06-30 17:21 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0xa4cfc9525849a8a3052a587a29006303e9b16ce08fa096460bb6fe2017b1a3ef](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa4cfc9525849a8a3052a587a29006303e9b16ce08fa096460bb6fe2017b1a3ef), implementations: [0xFBc81a18EcDa8E6A91275cFDF5FC6d91A7C5AE80](https://etherscan.io/address/0xFBc81a18EcDa8E6A91275cFDF5FC6d91A7C5AE80#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x0190a2328e072Fc5a7fA00F6C9ae2a16c7F4E32a/eth:0xFBc81a18EcDa8E6A91275cFDF5FC6d91A7C5AE80))
- 2025-02-07 14:46 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0xbea88935fe99b6faba60ee273a5eb146cd6c2d12decfef8842c5c719a0009376](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbea88935fe99b6faba60ee273a5eb146cd6c2d12decfef8842c5c719a0009376), implementations: [0x0190a2328e072Fc5a7fA00F6C9ae2a16c7F4E32a](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0190a2328e072Fc5a7fA00F6C9ae2a16c7F4E32a#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xD576931ab0bDC3dfdc2c041d3C7b9d2ED0c6dd9a/eth:0x0190a2328e072Fc5a7fA00F6C9ae2a16c7F4E32a))
- 2025-01-29 00:44 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0x4d37ad20bb31cedba7434223e08229ca95fbfd32eaf2bcbd456af0d0a32bba8b](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x4d37ad20bb31cedba7434223e08229ca95fbfd32eaf2bcbd456af0d0a32bba8b), implementations: [0xD576931ab0bDC3dfdc2c041d3C7b9d2ED0c6dd9a](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD576931ab0bDC3dfdc2c041d3C7b9d2ED0c6dd9a#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x48Dcf75EA18233BA947E4480dCd70594720449C1/eth:0xD576931ab0bDC3dfdc2c041d3C7b9d2ED0c6dd9a))
- 2024-09-03 15:48 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0xd3cfc5a7476fd33d3d3fdc2d77adac2bf6900945f9a5c5f35f65b6507dde381f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd3cfc5a7476fd33d3d3fdc2d77adac2bf6900945f9a5c5f35f65b6507dde381f), implementations: [0x48Dcf75EA18233BA947E4480dCd70594720449C1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x48Dcf75EA18233BA947E4480dCd70594720449C1#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x08C21b200eD06D2e32cEC91a770C3FcA8aD5F877/eth:0x48Dcf75EA18233BA947E4480dCd70594720449C1))
- 2024-05-15 15:11 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0xa604480755748d8162a3fb11442719682d473d868450e7460d9dd111a0b8903a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa604480755748d8162a3fb11442719682d473d868450e7460d9dd111a0b8903a), implementations: [0x08C21b200eD06D2e32cEC91a770C3FcA8aD5F877](https://etherscan.io/address/0x08C21b200eD06D2e32cEC91a770C3FcA8aD5F877#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xa4D3535f33549749Fb97fA42903AC80F6fb54af6/eth:0x08C21b200eD06D2e32cEC91a770C3FcA8aD5F877))
- 2024-03-18 13:40 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0x3ebfeeedb62ab726a1cb350595df3d4b2212f2fda619ae08015d16f304fc8332](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3ebfeeedb62ab726a1cb350595df3d4b2212f2fda619ae08015d16f304fc8332), implementations: [0xa4D3535f33549749Fb97fA42903AC80F6fb54af6](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa4D3535f33549749Fb97fA42903AC80F6fb54af6#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x90438AD3d81a0739ce1Cb20C73564682388c5FdD/eth:0xa4D3535f33549749Fb97fA42903AC80F6fb54af6))
- 2024-02-21 18:04 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0xf08778addb8376b0beb500bf569c6251eadc124e6aeeaf5f702ab1dbf576379f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xf08778addb8376b0beb500bf569c6251eadc124e6aeeaf5f702ab1dbf576379f), implementations: [0x90438AD3d81a0739ce1Cb20C73564682388c5FdD](https://etherscan.io/address/0x90438AD3d81a0739ce1Cb20C73564682388c5FdD#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x5ab0A812327aD959dE664AEC8408Ef8c6ABe7184/eth:0x90438AD3d81a0739ce1Cb20C73564682388c5FdD))
- 2023-10-03 13:48 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0x946dec56639129cadd298ce5a44341b6f361c5c632f5dea2a80d9cb023b836c6](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x946dec56639129cadd298ce5a44341b6f361c5c632f5dea2a80d9cb023b836c6), implementations: [0x5ab0A812327aD959dE664AEC8408Ef8c6ABe7184](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5ab0A812327aD959dE664AEC8408Ef8c6ABe7184#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x326510c1bf9d85Fb73d0AB8d20Aa5BbE9c7561e9/eth:0x5ab0A812327aD959dE664AEC8408Ef8c6ABe7184))
- 2023-08-22 00:20 UTC, upgrade of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0xceb5b11cd6c78b29d16d2c91bedcb4ec7467814fdce84a753f468c452c36c0d6](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xceb5b11cd6c78b29d16d2c91bedcb4ec7467814fdce84a753f468c452c36c0d6), implementations: [0x326510c1bf9d85Fb73d0AB8d20Aa5BbE9c7561e9](https://etherscan.io/address/0x326510c1bf9d85Fb73d0AB8d20Aa5BbE9c7561e9#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xA667498F46457548f1D3ad557340b95Fdb290148/eth:0x326510c1bf9d85Fb73d0AB8d20Aa5BbE9c7561e9))
- 2023-04-24 16:52 UTC, deployment of [Ethereum_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c7BCd6E7De5423a257D81B442095A1a6ced35C5#code): transaction [0x411ae8360c51beff3d6034ea63f03c41e6cf8b031432391fc44bc4f5a1b908ef](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x411ae8360c51beff3d6034ea63f03c41e6cf8b031432391fc44bc4f5a1b908ef), implementations: [0xA667498F46457548f1D3ad557340b95Fdb290148](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA667498F46457548f1D3ad557340b95Fdb290148#code)

The user-facing contract on each connected chain where funds are deposited to initiate a bridge transfer. It also receives settlement data from the HubPool to process refunds for the relayers who fulfilled those transfers. Since the V5 upgrade, deposits tagged with a special message prefix can only be filled through the Across V5 Gateway, which authenticates the fill and identifies the relayer paying for it.
- Roles:
  - **crossDomainAdmin**: HubPool; ultimately Across Multisig, OptimisticGovernor
  - **gateway**: Gateway

Can be upgraded by: OptimisticGovernor with 2d delay, Across Multisig with no delay

#### HubPool

Addresses: [0xc186fA914353c44b2E33eBE05f21846F1048bEda](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc186fA914353c44b2E33eBE05f21846F1048bEda#code)

The central L1 contract (hub) that manages liquidity from LPs and coordinates cross-chain settlements. It receives and secures settlement proposals (root bundles) using the UMA Optimistic Oracle, with a challenge period of 30m and a bond amount of 0.45 ABT.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: Across Multisig; ultimately OptimisticGovernor

#### AcrossBondToken (ABT)

Addresses: [0xee1DC6BCF1Ee967a350e9aC6CaaAA236109002ea](https://etherscan.io/address/0xee1DC6BCF1Ee967a350e9aC6CaaAA236109002ea#code)

A bond token wrapping ETH for usage in the Across protocol. Implements modified ERC20 logic to only allow permissioned proposers to use it as a bond for root bundle proposals.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: Across Multisig; ultimately OptimisticGovernor
  - **proposers**: EOA 1

#### VotingV2

Addresses: [0x004395edb43EFca9885CEdad51EC9fAf93Bd34ac](https://etherscan.io/address/0x004395edb43EFca9885CEdad51EC9fAf93Bd34ac#code)

Core smart contract for UMA's Data Verification Mechanism (DVM), serving as source of truth for disputed claims. UMA token holders collectively resolve price requests and earn rewards for correct participation. Commit- and reveal phases for the voting take 1d each.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: GovernorV2

#### Registry

Addresses: [0x3e532e6222afe9Bcf02DCB87216802c75D5113aE](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3e532e6222afe9Bcf02DCB87216802c75D5113aE#code)

Registry for contracts that are allowed to call `requestPrice()` in the UMA voting contracts (ie. request dispute resolution by the UMA DVM).
- Roles:
  - **owner**: GovernorV2

#### Finder

Addresses: [0x40f941E48A552bF496B154Af6bf55725f18D77c3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x40f941E48A552bF496B154Af6bf55725f18D77c3#code)

Maps interface names to contract addresses (UMA protocol contracts).
- Roles:
  - **owner**: GovernorV2

#### Store

Addresses: [0x54f44eA3D2e7aA0ac089c4d8F7C93C27844057BF](https://etherscan.io/address/0x54f44eA3D2e7aA0ac089c4d8F7C93C27844057BF#code)

UMA protocol contract responsible for calculating and collecting regular and final fees for using the DVM.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: GovernorV2
  - **withdrawer**: EOA 3

#### FixedSlashSlashingLibrary

Addresses: [0x9a406ba5a99983250Fd663947b3c968D387ce5cd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9a406ba5a99983250Fd663947b3c968D387ce5cd#code)

Stores slashing parameters and calculates slashing amounts based on that (UMA protocol).

#### IdentifierWhitelist

Addresses: [0xcF649d9Da4D1362C4DAEa67573430Bd6f945e570](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcF649d9Da4D1362C4DAEa67573430Bd6f945e570#code)

Keeps a list of whitelisted identifiers that are accepted by the UMA v3 protocol. Across uses the identifier `ACROSS-V2` for its disputes.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: GovernorV2

#### AddressWhitelist

Addresses: [0xdBF90434dF0B98219f87d112F37d74B1D90758c7](https://etherscan.io/address/0xdBF90434dF0B98219f87d112F37d74B1D90758c7#code)

A simple address whitelist for tokens that can be used as bonds and/or fees. This whitelist is checked and enforced by various smart contracts in the UMA ecosystem.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: GovernorV2

#### SkinnyOptimisticOracle

Addresses: [0xeE3Afe347D5C74317041E2618C49534dAf887c24](https://etherscan.io/address/0xeE3Afe347D5C74317041E2618C49534dAf887c24#code)

Validates bridge messages by allowing proposers to make bonded assertions about crosschain events. It enforces a challenge period during which any invalid claims can be disputed and escalated to UMA's Data Verification Mechanism (DVM) for resolution.

#### OptimisticOracleV3

Addresses: [0xfb55F43fB9F48F63f9269DB7Dde3BbBe1ebDC0dE](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfb55F43fB9F48F63f9269DB7Dde3BbBe1ebDC0dE#code)

Standard UMA optimistic oracle contract that allows anyone to make an arbitrary claim by posting a bond. The claim is considered true unless it is successfully disputed within a challenge window, with UMA's DVM acting as the final arbiter for disputes.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: GovernorV2

#### Zora_Adapter

Addresses: [0x024F2fC31CBDD8de17194b1892c834f98Ef5169b](https://etherscan.io/address/0x024F2fC31CBDD8de17194b1892c834f98Ef5169b#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Soneium_Adapter

Addresses: [0x0c9d064523177dBB55CFE52b9D0c485FBFc35FD2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0c9d064523177dBB55CFE52b9D0c485FBFc35FD2#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### HyperEVM_Adapter

Addresses: [0x0ec70777Ac388774041dD5A1778Cdf3AF3134D2B](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0ec70777Ac388774041dD5A1778Cdf3AF3134D2B#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to HyperEVM. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero and USDC via CCTP.

#### Redstone_Adapter

Addresses: [0x188F8C95B7cfB7993B53a4F643efa687916f73fA](https://etherscan.io/address/0x188F8C95B7cfB7993B53a4F643efa687916f73fA#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Avalance_Adapter

Addresses: [0x1af659333172DC502bD71Cf5b889521C97751838](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1af659333172DC502bD71Cf5b889521C97751838#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to chains that do not have a canonical adapter. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero and USDC via CCTP.

#### Scroll_Adapter

Addresses: [0x2DA799c2223c6ffB595e578903AE6b95839160d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2DA799c2223c6ffB595e578903AE6b95839160d8#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Boba_Adapter

Addresses: [0x33B0Ec794c15D6Cc705818E70d4CaCe7bCfB5Af3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x33B0Ec794c15D6Cc705818E70d4CaCe7bCfB5Af3#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Optimism_Adapter

Addresses: [0x3562e309C6C79626E5F0Cf746FB5Bf4f6b8EebE5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3562e309C6C79626E5F0Cf746FB5Bf4f6b8EebE5#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Tempo_Adapter

Addresses: [0x4577980eBFCC6fC8ff516aC06dA9e729c40cA57c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4577980eBFCC6fC8ff516aC06dA9e729c40cA57c#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to Tempo. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero and USDC via CCTP.

#### Ethereum_Adapter

Addresses: [0x527E872a5c3f0C7c24Fe33F2593cFB890a285084](https://etherscan.io/address/0x527E872a5c3f0C7c24Fe33F2593cFB890a285084#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Polygon_Adapter

Addresses: [0x537abE038C223066B50312474409924487D2E655](https://etherscan.io/address/0x537abE038C223066B50312474409924487D2E655#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Ink_Adapter

Addresses: [0x545E43B6eC2f9a44CAa531298699Ff05958670B5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x545E43B6eC2f9a44CAa531298699Ff05958670B5#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Linea_Adapter

Addresses: [0x5A44A32c13e2C43416bFDE5dDF5DCb3880c42787](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5A44A32c13e2C43416bFDE5dDF5DCb3880c42787#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Lens_Adapter

Addresses: [0x5e0B7e20a77BDf11812837D30F1326068Bcf24Cf](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e0B7e20a77BDf11812837D30F1326068Bcf24Cf#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### BNBSmartChain_Adapter

Addresses: [0x6f1C9d3bcDF51316E7b515a62C02F601500b084b](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f1C9d3bcDF51316E7b515a62C02F601500b084b#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to Binance Smart Chain. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero.

#### Alephzero_Adapter

Addresses: [0x6F4083304C2cA99B077ACE06a5DcF670615915Af](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6F4083304C2cA99B077ACE06a5DcF670615915Af#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Base_Adapter

Addresses: [0x799BDC55d91864b14B2eD63A34DeF5d502AA897f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x799BDC55d91864b14B2eD63A34DeF5d502AA897f#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Unichain_Adapter

Addresses: [0x8956eFa31572E1d7ed5c8e36772F214A57DFA0D1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8956eFa31572E1d7ed5c8e36772F214A57DFA0D1#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### WorldChain_Adapter

Addresses: [0x8bbdD67102D743b8533c1277a4ffdA04Dea158D1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8bbdD67102D743b8533c1277a4ffdA04Dea158D1#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Solana_Adapter

Addresses: [0x9F788694934fD2Ed34D5340B9a76EB34f2bFD7B3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9F788694934fD2Ed34D5340B9a76EB34f2bFD7B3#code)

Adapter for Solana. Uses CCTP v1 AMB to relay root bundles to the Solana spokepool.

#### Tron_Adapter

Addresses: [0xA1da1A70cc9F27F4aEDff1d515B1a0C47fb6c3Db](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA1da1A70cc9F27F4aEDff1d515B1a0C47fb6c3Db#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to Tron. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero and USDC via CCTP.

#### ZkSyncEra_Adapter

Addresses: [0xA374585E6062517Ee367ee5044946A6fBe17724f](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA374585E6062517Ee367ee5044946A6fBe17724f#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Plasma_Adapter

Addresses: [0xb47fD69FE25878F4E43aAF2F9ad7D0A3A0B22363](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb47fD69FE25878F4E43aAF2F9ad7D0A3A0B22363#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to Plasma Mainnet. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero.

#### Universal_Adapter (2 instances)

Addresses: [0xbc5E82035e2C8d4B335Ccb751D6BF47e44Dec678](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbc5E82035e2C8d4B335Ccb751D6BF47e44Dec678#code), [0xCA5f9960022078F3585a188e06F910eeC29c7eBD](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCA5f9960022078F3585a188e06F910eeC29c7eBD#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to chains that do not have a canonical adapter. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero and USDC via CCTP.

#### Arbitrum_Adapter

Addresses: [0xc0b6d2f794cc787C71f2cA5ceCD57102C32379B3](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc0b6d2f794cc787C71f2cA5ceCD57102C32379B3#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Monad_Adapter

Addresses: [0xC29a3Ba0fBf477F16Fd53d2C438Eade024FD8452](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC29a3Ba0fBf477F16Fd53d2C438Eade024FD8452#code)

This adapter can be used to send messages / root bundles to chains that do not have a canonical adapter. It stores calldata in the HubPoolStore on Ethereum, which can then be zk proven on a remote chain. This adapter also supports bridging OFTs via LayerZero and USDC via CCTP.

#### MegaETH_Adapter

Addresses: [0xE1f04404b74F996A311F13aE291849fC153578Ac](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE1f04404b74F996A311F13aE291849fC153578Ac#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Lisk_Adapter

Addresses: [0xF039AdCC74936F90fE175e8b3FE0FdC8b8E0c73b](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF039AdCC74936F90fE175e8b3FE0FdC8b8E0c73b#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Mode_Adapter

Addresses: [0xf1B59868697f3925b72889ede818B9E7ba0316d0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf1B59868697f3925b72889ede818B9E7ba0316d0#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

#### Blast_Adapter

Addresses: [0xF2bEf5E905AAE0295003ab14872F811E914EdD81](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF2bEf5E905AAE0295003ab14872F811E914EdD81#code)

Modular, chain-specific contract that abstracts the communication logic for settlement between the HubPool and various SpokePools and their Relayers, often via canonical bridges.

### OP Mainnet

#### OP_SpokePool

Addresses: [0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code), [0x60674c53a4cC4ED350659C95fb8020B5AC61cA1D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x60674c53a4cC4ED350659C95fb8020B5AC61cA1D#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 15, Last upgrade: 1mo 27d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 2mo 19d)

- 2026-08-14 17:51 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x5ef940d028891d65c1ab1383d1cf63e514e1906c1a4f7483c1bdb6e2b9ca39bd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x5ef940d028891d65c1ab1383d1cf63e514e1906c1a4f7483c1bdb6e2b9ca39bd), implementations: [0x60674c53a4cC4ED350659C95fb8020B5AC61cA1D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x60674c53a4cC4ED350659C95fb8020B5AC61cA1D#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0x0966F5034261CC50926fB9D5C1603A5034Ffa81c/oeth:0x60674c53a4cC4ED350659C95fb8020B5AC61cA1D))
- 2026-02-02 17:24 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0xe3918b151a7edd22c00b59843b61403cbe665d76f55b6c47db1c1bfbf8454174](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe3918b151a7edd22c00b59843b61403cbe665d76f55b6c47db1c1bfbf8454174), implementations: [0x0966F5034261CC50926fB9D5C1603A5034Ffa81c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0966F5034261CC50926fB9D5C1603A5034Ffa81c#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0x21352B3495A6eE1Bd2921Bdb0a876FaDc3A9245E/oeth:0x0966F5034261CC50926fB9D5C1603A5034Ffa81c))
- 2025-10-07 13:35 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0xd68d8d6f62cdeb169f7c8b7cd6b8df87e45679f1fe8577bd03322fc1dceec71f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd68d8d6f62cdeb169f7c8b7cd6b8df87e45679f1fe8577bd03322fc1dceec71f), implementations: [0x21352B3495A6eE1Bd2921Bdb0a876FaDc3A9245E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x21352B3495A6eE1Bd2921Bdb0a876FaDc3A9245E#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xD51099ac551350Bf3198c69104B5dc4694b3a536/oeth:0x21352B3495A6eE1Bd2921Bdb0a876FaDc3A9245E))
- 2025-06-30 17:23 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x612d2761ea8d8df4a72d12724c4b0d26d5ff8b1c1f17fe81d1e3012ba746072e](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x612d2761ea8d8df4a72d12724c4b0d26d5ff8b1c1f17fe81d1e3012ba746072e), implementations: [0xD51099ac551350Bf3198c69104B5dc4694b3a536](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD51099ac551350Bf3198c69104B5dc4694b3a536#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xF383FD9A49282C9e1C99eB07a819e27E0d7B956c/oeth:0xD51099ac551350Bf3198c69104B5dc4694b3a536))
- 2025-02-07 14:48 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0xc530c24b7b6fd88197b9adb1ff44360bc12087aed26bffcf0c62ec0d789131bd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc530c24b7b6fd88197b9adb1ff44360bc12087aed26bffcf0c62ec0d789131bd), implementations: [0xF383FD9A49282C9e1C99eB07a819e27E0d7B956c](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF383FD9A49282C9e1C99eB07a819e27E0d7B956c#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0x1a4b76a1366c9BceCd187289882823410512d8EB/oeth:0xF383FD9A49282C9e1C99eB07a819e27E0d7B956c))
- 2025-01-29 00:46 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x055412f01d41dc49be4c853395e79f5ee4e10e736fe5420b5992997b0dc27add](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x055412f01d41dc49be4c853395e79f5ee4e10e736fe5420b5992997b0dc27add), implementations: [0x1a4b76a1366c9BceCd187289882823410512d8EB](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1a4b76a1366c9BceCd187289882823410512d8EB#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xA084031BA301D874a24525450297c1D51b0BF8Bd/oeth:0x1a4b76a1366c9BceCd187289882823410512d8EB))
- 2024-09-03 15:50 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x216fb5f149aebdda4ca076d3c9bca9d36f85e307b510a425848b40bd8801f86a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x216fb5f149aebdda4ca076d3c9bca9d36f85e307b510a425848b40bd8801f86a), implementations: [0xA084031BA301D874a24525450297c1D51b0BF8Bd](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA084031BA301D874a24525450297c1D51b0BF8Bd#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0x0fDF0fa7FEA145c6c141BCa763c0D4c2e906b3e1/oeth:0xA084031BA301D874a24525450297c1D51b0BF8Bd))
- 2024-05-21 12:22 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x59d665d6c0c49dd5486bcc6809b21f485816efa779338497e7e67542fd7a5871](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x59d665d6c0c49dd5486bcc6809b21f485816efa779338497e7e67542fd7a5871), implementations: [0x0fDF0fa7FEA145c6c141BCa763c0D4c2e906b3e1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0fDF0fa7FEA145c6c141BCa763c0D4c2e906b3e1#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xAF0079c65Cf5D2f38472956032f5012Cce7b1ba4/oeth:0x0fDF0fa7FEA145c6c141BCa763c0D4c2e906b3e1))
- 2024-05-15 17:38 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0xaf6f0949809d1e81f126f9288e833e90eea180f5159a3637d53ad367b294e5ad](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xaf6f0949809d1e81f126f9288e833e90eea180f5159a3637d53ad367b294e5ad), implementations: [0xAF0079c65Cf5D2f38472956032f5012Cce7b1ba4](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAF0079c65Cf5D2f38472956032f5012Cce7b1ba4#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0x5226a5D010F24F0df089963E94ce88E4c87EB53b/oeth:0xAF0079c65Cf5D2f38472956032f5012Cce7b1ba4))
- 2024-03-18 13:41 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x284c45850a83457ea38a5d25e2c0630ac5161026e839f7b27a8c88bfe22456ad](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x284c45850a83457ea38a5d25e2c0630ac5161026e839f7b27a8c88bfe22456ad), implementations: [0x5226a5D010F24F0df089963E94ce88E4c87EB53b](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5226a5D010F24F0df089963E94ce88E4c87EB53b#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0x2e69a3962E7fF2EEF0c98a76aC3B294b03Dc4C3D/oeth:0x5226a5D010F24F0df089963E94ce88E4c87EB53b))
- 2024-02-25 02:03 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0xc0461376071132e3a21654c5f61a6d2ca2f3cebe1ec3ab263c67b91b07db4dcf](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc0461376071132e3a21654c5f61a6d2ca2f3cebe1ec3ab263c67b91b07db4dcf), implementations: [0x2e69a3962E7fF2EEF0c98a76aC3B294b03Dc4C3D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2e69a3962E7fF2EEF0c98a76aC3B294b03Dc4C3D#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xE287AAd8F3B99e411f1939492565C7D3F0e77FeF/oeth:0x2e69a3962E7fF2EEF0c98a76aC3B294b03Dc4C3D))
- 2024-02-21 18:05 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0xe34f46235ddb8e21d5fd4f490565d2a39664fc9603c77b15322004a6e5320a3a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe34f46235ddb8e21d5fd4f490565d2a39664fc9603c77b15322004a6e5320a3a), implementations: [0xE287AAd8F3B99e411f1939492565C7D3F0e77FeF](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE287AAd8F3B99e411f1939492565C7D3F0e77FeF#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xC127c7A25e6D1e1999DF3dC1accddeF278A87303/oeth:0xE287AAd8F3B99e411f1939492565C7D3F0e77FeF))
- 2023-10-03 13:49 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x14f1c15037cef66839ce570174aad27a4ea7f33a3e2496e36ba2bbb5b6650637](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x14f1c15037cef66839ce570174aad27a4ea7f33a3e2496e36ba2bbb5b6650637), implementations: [0xC127c7A25e6D1e1999DF3dC1accddeF278A87303](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC127c7A25e6D1e1999DF3dC1accddeF278A87303#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xFd7F000C26B7205c1A3f9b846F44Dc11Ff5E6eb8/oeth:0xC127c7A25e6D1e1999DF3dC1accddeF278A87303))
- 2023-08-23 13:12 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x792f7cc7f232d7c3616149394b8a2903b8000a3b28ef74c5cc9100aff6ffed42](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x792f7cc7f232d7c3616149394b8a2903b8000a3b28ef74c5cc9100aff6ffed42), implementations: [0xFd7F000C26B7205c1A3f9b846F44Dc11Ff5E6eb8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xFd7F000C26B7205c1A3f9b846F44Dc11Ff5E6eb8#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0xEc88d3C08E2939562Ff8188B4e30A52236C3FF09/oeth:0xFd7F000C26B7205c1A3f9b846F44Dc11Ff5E6eb8))
- 2023-06-09 12:53 UTC, upgrade of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0x28a173e69040f2f96ebcd4bf6b793c593bff7c2027a455905610119740e9564f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x28a173e69040f2f96ebcd4bf6b793c593bff7c2027a455905610119740e9564f), implementations: [0xEc88d3C08E2939562Ff8188B4e30A52236C3FF09](https://etherscan.io/address/0xEc88d3C08E2939562Ff8188B4e30A52236C3FF09#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/oeth:0x618C854204834e110eB77f092e7063d7Ae2855d8/oeth:0xEc88d3C08E2939562Ff8188B4e30A52236C3FF09))
- 2023-04-24 16:44 UTC, deployment of [OP_SpokePool](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6f26Bf09B1C792e3228e5467807a900A503c0281#code): transaction [0xf09b511734ba603400579c64ce6eeb8286e4429e11ab45e2f36df22f0eb59add](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xf09b511734ba603400579c64ce6eeb8286e4429e11ab45e2f36df22f0eb59add), implementations: [0x618C854204834e110eB77f092e7063d7Ae2855d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x618C854204834e110eB77f092e7063d7Ae2855d8#code)

The user-facing contract on each connected chain where funds are deposited to initiate a bridge transfer. It also receives settlement data from the HubPool to process refunds for the relayers who fulfilled those transfers. Since the V5 upgrade, deposits tagged with a special message prefix can only be filled through the Across V5 Gateway, which authenticates the fill and identifies the relayer paying for it.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: EOA 2
  - **crossDomainAdmin**: HubPool; ultimately Across Multisig, OptimisticGovernor
  - **gateway**: Gateway

Can be upgraded by: OptimisticGovernor with 2d delay, Across Multisig with no delay, EOA 2 with no delay