# Circle Gateway

Markdown version of https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/circlegateway

## Summary

- Last 24h volume: $8.65 M
- Last 24h transfer count: 481
- Last 24h top path: Polygon PoS ↔ Arbitrum One ($6.16 M)
- Last 24h avg. transfer time: Unknown (the transfer times for this protocol could not be derived based on onchain data only)
- Last 24h avg. transfer value: $17.99 K
- Last 24h tokens by volume: [USDC](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/9HN5PN/circle/usdc) ($8.65 M)
- Last 24h top token: [USDC](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/9HN5PN/circle/usdc) ($8.65 M volume, 481 transfers)
- Last 24h transfer size: Under $100: 195 transfers, $100-$1K: 111 transfers, $1K-$10K: 102 transfers, $10K-$100K: 39 transfers, Over $100K: 34 transfers (min $0.01, average $17.99 K, max $499.94 K)
- Last 24h transfer type distribution: Burn & Mint: $8.65 M

### About

Chain abstraction protocol built by Circle. Used mainly for USDC, users can deposit to get an offchain balance, that can then be used on any chain that is natively supported by Circle USDC.

## Volume and flows

### Top chains by volume (last 24h)

A transfer counts toward the volume of both its source and its destination chain, so the chain volumes add up to more than the total volume.

- Polygon PoS: $8.65 M (468 transfers)
- Arbitrum One: $6.16 M (145 transfers)
- Ethereum: $1.67 M (99 transfers)
- and 6 more

### Top routes by volume (last 24h)

- Polygon PoS → Arbitrum One: $6.16 M
- Polygon PoS → Ethereum: $1.67 M
- Polygon PoS → Base: $736.20 K
- Polygon PoS → OP Mainnet: $76.51 K
- Polygon PoS → HyperEVM: $1.85 K
- Polygon PoS → Unichain: $1.11 K
- Ethereum → Base: $263.70
- World Chain → Avalanche: $0.12
- Base → Polygon PoS: $0.01

The flows between chains are an interactive graph on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/circlegateway#interop-volume).

## Description

Chain abstraction protocol built by Circle. Used mainly for USDC, users can deposit to get an offchain balance, that can then be used on any chain that is natively supported by Circle USDC.

### Architecture
[Circle Gateway](https://developers.circle.com/gateway) is a chain-abstraction layer for USDC: users deposit native USDC into `GatewayWallet` contracts on supported source chains and Circle's Gateway system tracks those deposits as an offchain unified balance. The user can spend against the aggregate balance on any supported destination chain.

### Crosschain Oracle and validation
A user deposits through `GatewayWallet`. To spend the unified balance, the user signs one or more `BurnIntent` payloads specifying source and destination domains, token, recipient, amount, fee cap, expiry, and optional hook data. On the destination chain, anyone can call `GatewayMinter.gatewayMint` with the attestation payload and a signature from a configured Gateway attestation signer; `GatewayMinter` mints USDC to the destination recipient. On the source chain, `GatewayWallet` validates the signed burn intent, deducts the user's available or withdrawing balance, collects fees, and burns the corresponding USDC (this happens after the mint at the destination!). The Ethereum `GatewayWallet` and `GatewayMinter` use 1 burn signer on `GatewayWallet` and 1 attestation signer on `GatewayMinter`.

### Withdrawal self-service
If the Circle API is unavailable, users can use an onchain two-step withdrawal path; on Ethereum the discovered `withdrawalDelay` is 7 days (50400 blocks at 12-second block time). This delay gives the Gateway system time to burn funds that may already have been minted elsewhere before the withdrawal completes.

### Upgradeability
Both Gateway contracts are proxies with owner/admin, pauser, denylister, signer-management, fee-recipient, and token-support roles; upgrade admins on Ethereum can replace implementations with no onchain delay.

### Monitoring
Circle does not provide a block explorer. There currently is no security, transparency or monitoring related tooling for CCTP or Gateway users.

## Top tokens by volume

The interactive tokens table is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/circlegateway#interop-tokens).

## Transfers

The interactive transfers table is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/circlegateway#interop-transfers).

## Permissions

### Ethereum

#### Actors

##### UnverifiedUSDCMinter

Addresses: [0xA669f564133A1612dbd6f5E579863aA0a34448Bd](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA669f564133A1612dbd6f5E579863aA0a34448Bd) (unverified)

Upgradeable contract with an unverified implementation that is registered as a USDC minter in the USDC token contract. Its minting allowance is set by its MasterMinter controllers.
- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - mint the token in the bounds of a preset minting allowance

##### 27 EOAs

Addresses: [0x0057f169b9E1E57dD25CAb68A23ae79C7B3F6Ba5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0057f169b9E1E57dD25CAb68A23ae79C7B3F6Ba5) (EOA 1), [0x08966c2561ef3AC77Ac479dF4590886B4Bfe869a](https://etherscan.io/address/0x08966c2561ef3AC77Ac479dF4590886B4Bfe869a) (EOA 4), [0x119cc12CB823EB6Ee1d2Da2b5E5De645AF8F3E90](https://etherscan.io/address/0x119cc12CB823EB6Ee1d2Da2b5E5De645AF8F3E90) (EOA 8), [0x1375c5FF3785850314f5A612A7837CC295075eF1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1375c5FF3785850314f5A612A7837CC295075eF1) (EOA 12), [0x1971773285A553C2100C97a3A3Ad04519F4e2186](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1971773285A553C2100C97a3A3Ad04519F4e2186) (EOA 16), [0x19a932fC5A8320939c3575302a8705147a7f27D8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x19a932fC5A8320939c3575302a8705147a7f27D8) (EOA 17), [0x2322E81DB282F22849c2Eb0b749C688Ea3611946](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2322E81DB282F22849c2Eb0b749C688Ea3611946) (EOA 18), [0x24BDd8771b08C2EA6FE0e898126e65BD49021BE3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x24BDd8771b08C2EA6FE0e898126e65BD49021BE3) (EOA 20), [0x2b52e60C844d7946b6d910D3296940dC889CC785](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2b52e60C844d7946b6d910D3296940dC889CC785) (EOA 22), [0x3005A4C0EFE7E66F3f60eF8704983247A5c6ca61](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3005A4C0EFE7E66F3f60eF8704983247A5c6ca61) (EOA 23), [0x425a4093405dcC888ec7931d57574e0Dfe0726c5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x425a4093405dcC888ec7931d57574e0Dfe0726c5) (EOA 33), [0x46544d6A546EF97d43a6Aaa783DB8CEFcDd6C202](https://etherscan.io/address/0x46544d6A546EF97d43a6Aaa783DB8CEFcDd6C202) (EOA 35), [0x55FE002aefF02F77364de339a1292923A15844B8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x55FE002aefF02F77364de339a1292923A15844B8) (EOA 41), [0x5B6122C109B78C6755486966148C1D70a50A47D7](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5B6122C109B78C6755486966148C1D70a50A47D7) (EOA 42), [0x77C923526ec8B93fb8C645cC49a623ADe521377E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x77C923526ec8B93fb8C645cC49a623ADe521377E) (EOA 54), [0x7BdDBa3607517a3a06B75C1Fad1744D571De9A2D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7BdDBa3607517a3a06B75C1Fad1744D571De9A2D) (EOA 57), [0x895F07957B863f4AB6086035a6990d8366Bc3266](https://etherscan.io/address/0x895F07957B863f4AB6086035a6990d8366Bc3266) (EOA 64), [0x89661a593106fF15B24B8DD25ab8Efad63cFEEA7](https://etherscan.io/address/0x89661a593106fF15B24B8DD25ab8Efad63cFEEA7) (EOA 65), [0x8967a7cE20043F876e42F8aD696b06bb632f0ca7](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8967a7cE20043F876e42F8aD696b06bb632f0ca7) (EOA 66), [0x911cb2323c6fB580e39F92a6f58D1cb019E940Cd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x911cb2323c6fB580e39F92a6f58D1cb019E940Cd) (EOA 69), [0x93Cb3290185Be000AfAeAd63c47C40EBcE86Bf7E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x93Cb3290185Be000AfAeAd63c47C40EBcE86Bf7E) (EOA 74), [0xa1EF798A09CeA66625a1b0B0ed28FB2732743609](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa1EF798A09CeA66625a1b0B0ed28FB2732743609) (EOA 78), [0xA5827F373Aa4D1a8d3cfb92d29963Ee97133d5c7](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA5827F373Aa4D1a8d3cfb92d29963Ee97133d5c7) (EOA 79), [0xE400d09e98a5806bF501E93ED8E7623B78b4646F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE400d09e98a5806bF501E93ED8E7623B78b4646F) (EOA 101), [0xe898a5C06C1166178495e0faf27dae8dd4C97096](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe898a5C06C1166178495e0faf27dae8dd4C97096) (EOA 102), [0xEc72B99254d5a407b6CaEd24C1e771377e8Eb70b](https://etherscan.io/address/0xEc72B99254d5a407b6CaEd24C1e771377e8Eb70b) (EOA 105), [0xF0f3ef1340530A3983E1c510e49319D9Bfa8A74F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF0f3ef1340530A3983E1c510e49319D9Bfa8A74F) (EOA 107)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - mint the token in the bounds of a preset minting allowance

##### EOA 2

Addresses: [0x01430Aa44F14007c8d5Ddc011FA63dCcE7878dC8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x01430Aa44F14007c8d5Ddc011FA63dCcE7878dC8)

- Can interact with TokenMinter
  - set the local TokenMessenger, token controller, pauser, rescuer, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 3

Addresses: [0x070B2a0c255C148ae7b98B4BB9560Ff147C36f2A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x070B2a0c255C148ae7b98B4BB9560Ff147C36f2A)

- Can interact with TokenMessengerV2
  - transfer any ERC-20 tokens out of the contract

##### 44 EOAs

Addresses: [0x08c71cA483e6C454A35D2eD56073A0297f0A2Ec3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x08c71cA483e6C454A35D2eD56073A0297f0A2Ec3) (EOA 5), [0x0F493479be830657ACa110199A70E826506A54d3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0F493479be830657ACa110199A70E826506A54d3) (EOA 7), [0x1238060eedfF5cBc9929f53DFee5C986F52b27f3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1238060eedfF5cBc9929f53DFee5C986F52b27f3) (EOA 9), [0x130AA42C371d1dDB3cc41FBBA99273fA9150246c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x130AA42C371d1dDB3cc41FBBA99273fA9150246c) (EOA 11), [0x14b1bc91cb99aad649b36341d5abEB50DF775a3e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x14b1bc91cb99aad649b36341d5abEB50DF775a3e) (EOA 13), [0x162Bd3604c3bAfF49F91bA845ad79c6B2Cc7682E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x162Bd3604c3bAfF49F91bA845ad79c6B2Cc7682E) (EOA 15), [0x355fa241a4848dec8dCf453a5cCb16ec9207bcad](https://etherscan.io/address/0x355fa241a4848dec8dCf453a5cCb16ec9207bcad) (EOA 25), [0x38d51f44B586b154159932F3681a30c54A6d25a9](https://etherscan.io/address/0x38d51f44B586b154159932F3681a30c54A6d25a9) (EOA 28), [0x39A372b4CC3fc91Ba93238c9121CB4F98D057fB5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x39A372b4CC3fc91Ba93238c9121CB4F98D057fB5) (EOA 29), [0x3F1d9e1b241C918eFd1564018eE0e1Dc3C429d2f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3F1d9e1b241C918eFd1564018eE0e1Dc3C429d2f) (EOA 31), [0x4024071Fe3FAd805F922a9098630D09A2EC0F82C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4024071Fe3FAd805F922a9098630D09A2EC0F82C) (EOA 32), [0x44036cE4ab4Bf87898f013A35d543F204e91b806](https://etherscan.io/address/0x44036cE4ab4Bf87898f013A35d543F204e91b806) (EOA 34), [0x63015E0Ab081680eC85E9b6E62Df5584BD48cEb7](https://etherscan.io/address/0x63015E0Ab081680eC85E9b6E62Df5584BD48cEb7) (EOA 43), [0x6e1965bA05D34E0772754779B9e8Fb5EF7e73F2D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6e1965bA05D34E0772754779B9e8Fb5EF7e73F2D) (EOA 46), [0x74F471Af556aBff915804C0f19D642497aFa13B5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x74F471Af556aBff915804C0f19D642497aFa13B5) (EOA 52), [0x768d96ef334BA5d0914040a5485D3777ecF07d65](https://etherscan.io/address/0x768d96ef334BA5d0914040a5485D3777ecF07d65) (EOA 53), [0x79E0946e1C186E745f1352d7C21AB04700C99F71](https://etherscan.io/address/0x79E0946e1C186E745f1352d7C21AB04700C99F71) (EOA 55), [0x7B3d54052DF209679Fce721516Cc1b566ef1c6AB](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7B3d54052DF209679Fce721516Cc1b566ef1c6AB) (EOA 56), [0x7Ee759ea02624E29a39b81726B72eCFF2F09c5B2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7Ee759ea02624E29a39b81726B72eCFF2F09c5B2) (EOA 60), [0x86274d6Ed4301f40d5E28D5805cEa0E7DC4ee049](https://etherscan.io/address/0x86274d6Ed4301f40d5E28D5805cEa0E7DC4ee049) (EOA 63), [0x8E079873EFb4f3B76a4be111E8a55418bCe6e40d](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8E079873EFb4f3B76a4be111E8a55418bCe6e40d) (EOA 68), [0x9138a70014749f7F3f9B7a5b5c159b14779EdB6d](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9138a70014749f7F3f9B7a5b5c159b14779EdB6d) (EOA 70), [0x919f33bdbF59e92F9c87a5ddd4A9f1aADA3C04b3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x919f33bdbF59e92F9c87a5ddd4A9f1aADA3C04b3) (EOA 71), [0x92c3A3136eC730295E41D5E6461Ecac5b6B40684](https://etherscan.io/address/0x92c3A3136eC730295E41D5E6461Ecac5b6B40684) (EOA 72), [0x936F08395aB1Afc97C09838A1A6AD1C854C4bBfD](https://etherscan.io/address/0x936F08395aB1Afc97C09838A1A6AD1C854C4bBfD) (EOA 73), [0x9d5C50Ae9dC377b1fDE6786bcfE8a70854fAc5E4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9d5C50Ae9dC377b1fDE6786bcfE8a70854fAc5E4) (EOA 77), [0xAF60Becd8f8042C1FcDE81D0FEcFC720099d24dF](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAF60Becd8f8042C1FcDE81D0FEcFC720099d24dF) (EOA 81), [0xB0C9f95c1F0e686249AE0461e5e7657545379017](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB0C9f95c1F0e686249AE0461e5e7657545379017) (EOA 82), [0xC1d9fe41D19Dd52cb3Ae5d1D3b0030B5D498c704](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC1d9fe41D19Dd52cb3Ae5d1D3b0030B5D498c704) (EOA 89), [0xC2Bbc3A94408096EDfbfC2f61A8bBb5c9ED10a06](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC2Bbc3A94408096EDfbfC2f61A8bBb5c9ED10a06) (EOA 90), [0xCE4DddbfbE2c338B679c4F186d5F60B60FAa43Bd](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCE4DddbfbE2c338B679c4F186d5F60B60FAa43Bd) (EOA 92), [0xD05850359114bfE0b37A0Af048E1E8F9f7ce8275](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD05850359114bfE0b37A0Af048E1E8F9f7ce8275) (EOA 93), [0xd285766FB23198087d781FbF22D8Ddbc8b0067a3](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd285766FB23198087d781FbF22D8Ddbc8b0067a3) (EOA 94), [0xD3eFE568763BD4A96e4115B993b3fB89B35A0623](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD3eFE568763BD4A96e4115B993b3fB89B35A0623) (EOA 95), [0xdBEbB37e94984A249f8a514bE9e3120E13C18B85](https://etherscan.io/address/0xdBEbB37e94984A249f8a514bE9e3120E13C18B85) (EOA 96), [0xDe5983C50E3b06D6473d3E7C179b85b30bf32444](https://etherscan.io/address/0xDe5983C50E3b06D6473d3E7C179b85b30bf32444) (EOA 97), [0xe37eDF8B4f5Dc846AF472CF7aD086A14d4024378](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe37eDF8B4f5Dc846AF472CF7aD086A14d4024378) (EOA 100), [0xe9697bcf46ff6125003282d5e1DE22c52033c19d](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe9697bcf46ff6125003282d5e1DE22c52033c19d) (EOA 103), [0xeb10024C7761e78cbbE78773aC6F6E98f3ED8314](https://etherscan.io/address/0xeb10024C7761e78cbbE78773aC6F6E98f3ED8314) (EOA 104), [0xEff933714A1B1F8600873BB61dc8F522F6438971](https://etherscan.io/address/0xEff933714A1B1F8600873BB61dc8F522F6438971) (EOA 106), [0xfB9a1Af976e70113b6879a70144cDECe1EA8C42c](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfB9a1Af976e70113b6879a70144cDECe1EA8C42c) (EOA 108), [0xfe0F536D7Ea2eD598fd54993F03208B03de1916E](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfe0F536D7Ea2eD598fd54993F03208B03de1916E) (EOA 110), [0xFe1e61E23698d619235B88936eF670AcF9FB398B](https://etherscan.io/address/0xFe1e61E23698d619235B88936eF670AcF9FB398B) (EOA 111), [0xFE8c6a384fD37BCc4E4f8c837A570e09EDd6bCEa](https://etherscan.io/address/0xFE8c6a384fD37BCc4E4f8c837A570e09EDd6bCEa) (EOA 112)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - manage minter addresses [via: MasterMinter]

##### EOA 6

Addresses: [0x0A06BE16275B95a7d2567fBdAE118b36C7DA78F9](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0A06BE16275B95a7d2567fBdAE118b36C7DA78F9)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - blacklist addresses, freezing any interactions with the USDC token for them

##### EOA 10

Addresses: [0x12De0d11519B2FCc2F9017AC100F65D236326C1B](https://etherscan.io/address/0x12De0d11519B2FCc2F9017AC100F65D236326C1B)

- Can interact with GatewayWallet
  - allowlist or disallowlist contract signers for Gateway burn intents

##### EOA 14

Addresses: [0x162aB6063C172013F03F55D10e8531F3436E31B5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x162aB6063C172013F03F55D10e8531F3436E31B5)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - UnverifiedUSDCMinter

##### EOA 19

Addresses: [0x2329BAF15f86023e5B0f5592e230D02a51116CD5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2329BAF15f86023e5B0f5592e230D02a51116CD5)

- Can interact with TokenMessengerV2
  - configure remote TokenMessengers, the local minter, V2 fee recipient and denylister, rescuer, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 21

Addresses: [0x2A6A86466F181721ec8ff946967b56f1AA4758c5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2A6A86466F181721ec8ff946967b56f1AA4758c5)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - GatewayWallet
- Can interact with GatewayWallet
  - configure supported tokens, withdrawal delay, burn signers, batch signers, fee recipient, pauser, denylister, contract signer allowlister, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 24

Addresses: [0x311ac5F3a327C18E27eA544694e20AbD15CAa85d](https://etherscan.io/address/0x311ac5F3a327C18E27eA544694e20AbD15CAa85d)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - mint the token in the bounds of a preset minting allowance [via: GatewayMinter]

##### EOA 26

Addresses: [0x358a85e032aA9507a1303683b2B6A1d1cac3c252](https://etherscan.io/address/0x358a85e032aA9507a1303683b2B6A1d1cac3c252)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitter
  - enable or disable attesters and set the attestation signature threshold

##### EOA 27

Addresses: [0x383048265851aA10035bb32b2055632eC4FBB6eB](https://etherscan.io/address/0x383048265851aA10035bb32b2055632eC4FBB6eB)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitterV2
  - pause and unpause message transmission and receiving

##### EOA 30

Addresses: [0x3c54FFa14d01EF3A555106007A4fED6E8964aAB6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3c54FFa14d01EF3A555106007A4fED6E8964aAB6)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - GatewayMinter
- Can interact with GatewayMinter
  - configure supported tokens, mint authorities, attestation signers, pauser, denylister, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 36

Addresses: [0x4914f61d25e5C567143774B76EdbF4D5109a8566](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4914f61d25e5C567143774B76EdbF4D5109a8566)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - pause the USDC token (no transfers, mints, burns)

##### EOA 37

Addresses: [0x4aA5bF962852DcC59695F600d346D3F751B0D920](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4aA5bF962852DcC59695F600d346D3F751B0D920)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitter
  - set the attester manager, pauser, rescuer, maximum message body size, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 38

Addresses: [0x4E898CEe7c5809A63de0eF745177A9BB82FeAC69](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4E898CEe7c5809A63de0eF745177A9BB82FeAC69)

- Can interact with TokenMinterV2
  - pause and unpause minting and burning through this TokenMinter

##### 2 EOAs (0x52Ed…bCeF)

Addresses: [0x52Ed4cBff8DcE6A19748043F3240ec03c834bCeF](https://etherscan.io/address/0x52Ed4cBff8DcE6A19748043F3240ec03c834bCeF) (EOA 39), [0x725b06F73ff761eF5390e39315e2BfbF60d33F96](https://etherscan.io/address/0x725b06F73ff761eF5390e39315e2BfbF60d33F96) (EOA 49)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - mint the token in the bounds of a preset minting allowance [via: MessageTransmitterV2 → TokenMessengerV2 → TokenMinterV2]

##### EOA 40

Addresses: [0x53D81DF780baed54FdCa7020618aD6e1c4AC1D84](https://etherscan.io/address/0x53D81DF780baed54FdCa7020618aD6e1c4AC1D84)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitterV2
  - transfer any ERC-20 tokens out of the contract

##### EOA 44

Addresses: [0x65cBcdbE95567A8F9519242f9C52F65E8067021B](https://etherscan.io/address/0x65cBcdbE95567A8F9519242f9C52F65E8067021B)

- Can interact with TokenMessenger
  - transfer any ERC-20 tokens out of the contract

##### EOA 45

Addresses: [0x6b0b72E63764101Fc4d5BD914B107987041578C4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6b0b72E63764101Fc4d5BD914B107987041578C4)

- Can interact with TokenMessenger
  - configure remote TokenMessengers, the local minter, V2 fee recipient and denylister, rescuer, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 47

Addresses: [0x6fa314D4Dce1d49233c329a60fDBd96a6BCbe6Fb](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6fa314D4Dce1d49233c329a60fDBd96a6BCbe6Fb)

- Can interact with GatewayMinter
  - pause and unpause Gateway minting

##### EOA 48

Addresses: [0x6Fa60A88b42AFb0aEe6488826A58864B192442ad](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6Fa60A88b42AFb0aEe6488826A58864B192442ad)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitter
  - transfer any ERC-20 tokens out of the contract

##### EOA 50

Addresses: [0x7359fD9aA258992eb4B6d9572c6f6c74Cf719a94](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7359fD9aA258992eb4B6d9572c6f6c74Cf719a94)

- Can interact with GatewayWallet
  - denylist addresses, preventing them from interacting with the GatewayWallet

##### EOA 51

Addresses: [0x740F494cD63f87547FEc1591646720e5cC285846](https://etherscan.io/address/0x740F494cD63f87547FEc1591646720e5cC285846)

- Can interact with TokenMinterV2
  - link or unlink remote tokens and configure per-message burn limits

##### EOA 58

Addresses: [0x7D1565698cddf4C8f90d6b8574729fef565cae0E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7D1565698cddf4C8f90d6b8574729fef565cae0E)

- Can interact with TokenMinterV2
  - set the local TokenMessenger, token controller, pauser, rescuer, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 59

Addresses: [0x7e575bC81e8a4A57f841512fbE72ed4C9976ae1c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e575bC81e8a4A57f841512fbE72ed4C9976ae1c)

- Can interact with GatewayMinter
  - denylist addresses, preventing them from interacting with the GatewayMinter

##### EOA 61

Addresses: [0x807a96288A1A408dBC13DE2b1d087d10356395d2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x807a96288A1A408dBC13DE2b1d087d10356395d2)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - USD Coin Token

##### EOA 62

Addresses: [0x817ae4109dC0f21E437b94c899962690514Ba09f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x817ae4109dC0f21E437b94c899962690514Ba09f)

- Can interact with TokenMinter
  - pause and unpause minting and burning through this TokenMinter

##### EOA 67

Addresses: [0x8a9A13A106cB89E15410B2AB4488135155032169](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8a9A13A106cB89E15410B2AB4488135155032169)

- Can interact with TokenMinter
  - link or unlink remote tokens and configure per-message burn limits

##### EOA 75

Addresses: [0x96D16c491aDA31f609eC72Ae33018b8B7e80EB41](https://etherscan.io/address/0x96D16c491aDA31f609eC72Ae33018b8B7e80EB41)

- Can interact with TokenMinter
  - transfer any ERC-20 tokens out of the contract

##### EOA 76

Addresses: [0x9812d5F0a0832d9A0a78a1ba728fACd87bC35b19](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9812d5F0a0832d9A0a78a1ba728fACd87bC35b19)

- Can interact with GatewayWallet
  - pause and unpause deposits, burns, and withdrawals

##### EOA 80

Addresses: [0xa820A620F638114F3Eb45df87382383322dDBC49](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa820A620F638114F3Eb45df87382383322dDBC49)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - TokenMessengerV2

##### 2 EOAs (0xb0Ea…7361)

Addresses: [0xb0Ea8E1bE37F346C7EA7ec708834D0db18A17361](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb0Ea8E1bE37F346C7EA7ec708834D0db18A17361) (EOA 83), [0xE2fEfe09E74b921CbbFF229E7cD40009231501CA](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE2fEfe09E74b921CbbFF229E7cD40009231501CA) (EOA 99)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - mint the token in the bounds of a preset minting allowance [via: MessageTransmitter → TokenMessenger → TokenMinter]

##### EOA 84

Addresses: [0xB43aA882f497c0Ecb395A5a54f8fa29d12289F65](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB43aA882f497c0Ecb395A5a54f8fa29d12289F65)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitterV2
  - set the attester manager, pauser, rescuer, maximum message body size, and transfer ownership

##### EOA 85

Addresses: [0xB72F2Bb8AD7aDB4e40e3ACD8F34160B4991e7ADe](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB72F2Bb8AD7aDB4e40e3ACD8F34160B4991e7ADe)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - mint the token in the bounds of a preset minting allowance [via: GatewayWallet]

##### EOA 86

Addresses: [0xB7569E9eB64eaEd5C4166E510b4F6fF54ef42258](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB7569E9eB64eaEd5C4166E510b4F6fF54ef42258)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - MessageTransmitterV2

##### EOA 87

Addresses: [0xBED4b046f7d185d730E9930b2bcddc86Eb3cfbc9](https://etherscan.io/address/0xBED4b046f7d185d730E9930b2bcddc86Eb3cfbc9)

- Can interact with TokenMessengerV2
  - denylist addresses, preventing them from interacting with this TokenMessenger

##### EOA 88

Addresses: [0xc16b03F84563C1467017C9F7216F8ad6098dc95a](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc16b03F84563C1467017C9F7216F8ad6098dc95a)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitterV2
  - enable or disable attesters and set the attestation signature threshold

##### EOA 91

Addresses: [0xc809b0216B149cc301Cb203EDD84FCdB8F15C4ed](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc809b0216B149cc301Cb203EDD84FCdB8F15C4ed)

- Can interact with MessageTransmitter
  - pause and unpause message transmission and receiving

##### EOA 98

Addresses: [0xE206be2331d6aAa4495887755BaBE892aecE704A](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE206be2331d6aAa4495887755BaBE892aecE704A)

- Can interact with TokenMinterV2
  - transfer any ERC-20 tokens out of the contract

##### EOA 109

Addresses: [0xFcb19e6a322b27c06842A71e8c725399f049AE3a](https://etherscan.io/address/0xFcb19e6a322b27c06842A71e8c725399f049AE3a)

- Can interact with USD Coin Token
  - manage all critical roles like pausers, blacklisters, minters, rescuer

## Smart contracts

![A diagram of the smart contract architecture](https://l2beat.com/static/images/architecture/circlegateway.d9f1f7e8.png)

### Ethereum

#### MessageTransmitter

Addresses: [0x0a992d191DEeC32aFe36203Ad87D7d289a738F81](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0a992d191DEeC32aFe36203Ad87D7d289a738F81#code)

Part of CCTP
- Roles:
  - **attesterManager**: EOA 26
  - **getEnabledAttester**: EOA 83, EOA 99
  - **owner**: EOA 37
  - **pauser**: EOA 91
  - **rescuer**: EOA 48

#### GatewayMinter

Addresses: [0x2222222d7164433c4C09B0b0D809a9b52C04C205](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2222222d7164433c4C09B0b0D809a9b52C04C205#code), [0xc2ff68068362AEa1ca22a3896d05B2B812ce51B1](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc2ff68068362AEa1ca22a3896d05B2B812ce51B1#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x3c54FFa14d01EF3A555106007A4fED6E8964aAB6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3c54FFa14d01EF3A555106007A4fED6E8964aAB6#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 1y 2mo ago, Avg upgrade interval: 7mo 9d)

- 2025-07-21 17:54 UTC, upgrade of [GatewayMinter](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2222222d7164433c4C09B0b0D809a9b52C04C205#code): transaction [0xb2a247f1c8466c02274231a9d5fed407fb546964166c1a784da6ca2ff06e3d05](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb2a247f1c8466c02274231a9d5fed407fb546964166c1a784da6ca2ff06e3d05), implementations: [0x868dA8E567a2C6D668f1bBFbC9B11d0567fc8C0C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x868dA8E567a2C6D668f1bBFbC9B11d0567fc8C0C#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xc2ff68068362AEa1ca22a3896d05B2B812ce51B1/eth:0x868dA8E567a2C6D668f1bBFbC9B11d0567fc8C0C))
- 2025-07-21 17:54 UTC, deployment of [GatewayMinter](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2222222d7164433c4C09B0b0D809a9b52C04C205#code): transaction [0xb2a247f1c8466c02274231a9d5fed407fb546964166c1a784da6ca2ff06e3d05](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb2a247f1c8466c02274231a9d5fed407fb546964166c1a784da6ca2ff06e3d05), implementations: [0xc2ff68068362AEa1ca22a3896d05B2B812ce51B1](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc2ff68068362AEa1ca22a3896d05B2B812ce51B1#code)

Entrypoint or minter of USDC on this chain for the Gateway protocol.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: EOA 30
  - **attestationSigners**: EOA 24
  - **denylister**: EOA 59
  - **owner**: EOA 30
  - **pauser**: EOA 47

Can be upgraded by: EOA 30 with no delay

#### TokenMessengerV2

Addresses: [0x28b5a0e9C621a5BadaA536219b3a228C8168cf5d](https://etherscan.io/address/0x28b5a0e9C621a5BadaA536219b3a228C8168cf5d#code), [0x555E272506C06e7E559d57418563742AFE363ec8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x555E272506C06e7E559d57418563742AFE363ec8#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xa820A620F638114F3Eb45df87382383322dDBC49](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa820A620F638114F3Eb45df87382383322dDBC49#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2025-02-11 00:35 UTC, deployment of [TokenMessengerV2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x28b5a0e9C621a5BadaA536219b3a228C8168cf5d#code): transaction [0x790ed794d50247273bdc386279972cb8bd05fb0d92eda2ddf496e9d20681a6f5](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x790ed794d50247273bdc386279972cb8bd05fb0d92eda2ddf496e9d20681a6f5), implementations: [0x555E272506C06e7E559d57418563742AFE363ec8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x555E272506C06e7E559d57418563742AFE363ec8#code)

Part of CCTP
- Roles:
  - **admin**: EOA 80
  - **denylister**: EOA 87
  - **localMessageTransmitter**: MessageTransmitterV2
  - **owner**: EOA 19
  - **rescuer**: EOA 3

Can be upgraded by: EOA 80 with no delay

#### GatewayWallet

Addresses: [0x77777777Dcc4d5A8B6E418Fd04D8997ef11000eE](https://etherscan.io/address/0x77777777Dcc4d5A8B6E418Fd04D8997ef11000eE#code), [0xF7a6D9D7Df917c072ac8987A820c58aA27A0e798](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF7a6D9D7Df917c072ac8987A820c58aA27A0e798#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x2A6A86466F181721ec8ff946967b56f1AA4758c5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2A6A86466F181721ec8ff946967b56f1AA4758c5#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 4, Last upgrade: 2mo 12d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 2mo 27d)

- 2026-07-23 19:32 UTC, upgrade of [GatewayWallet](https://etherscan.io/address/0x77777777Dcc4d5A8B6E418Fd04D8997ef11000eE#code): transaction [0x9032a846cd5f1fe703f17ab9b6015966a4f953412483a90d822992eeec99699d](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x9032a846cd5f1fe703f17ab9b6015966a4f953412483a90d822992eeec99699d), implementations: [0xF7a6D9D7Df917c072ac8987A820c58aA27A0e798](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF7a6D9D7Df917c072ac8987A820c58aA27A0e798#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x09E3740c97C7413693B7e07C32D42C53CD050d27/eth:0xF7a6D9D7Df917c072ac8987A820c58aA27A0e798))
- 2026-04-20 21:31 UTC, upgrade of [GatewayWallet](https://etherscan.io/address/0x77777777Dcc4d5A8B6E418Fd04D8997ef11000eE#code): transaction [0x1f5e227f100df6b0932df083c80a695d00a9d994963558dad8bdc30cacad6ffb](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x1f5e227f100df6b0932df083c80a695d00a9d994963558dad8bdc30cacad6ffb), implementations: [0x09E3740c97C7413693B7e07C32D42C53CD050d27](https://etherscan.io/address/0x09E3740c97C7413693B7e07C32D42C53CD050d27#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xdE4d0329Db2c046b8bA35180822aEECCf63D3294/eth:0x09E3740c97C7413693B7e07C32D42C53CD050d27))
- 2025-10-17 19:46 UTC, upgrade of [GatewayWallet](https://etherscan.io/address/0x77777777Dcc4d5A8B6E418Fd04D8997ef11000eE#code): transaction [0xdc67731c86a1e54bc1ed01654a64dc1518211aa20df0733ed96d6fa0f6e63cc0](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xdc67731c86a1e54bc1ed01654a64dc1518211aa20df0733ed96d6fa0f6e63cc0), implementations: [0xdE4d0329Db2c046b8bA35180822aEECCf63D3294](https://etherscan.io/address/0xdE4d0329Db2c046b8bA35180822aEECCf63D3294#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xdc92756F7Bbbd934345B6c14b7FcdC42E7FBA19F/eth:0xdE4d0329Db2c046b8bA35180822aEECCf63D3294))
- 2025-07-21 17:58 UTC, upgrade of [GatewayWallet](https://etherscan.io/address/0x77777777Dcc4d5A8B6E418Fd04D8997ef11000eE#code): transaction [0x3184d25af4d116a0ed0b24d8d41b5ae6b5663f1abe63d4ea30a41a3527ddb84a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3184d25af4d116a0ed0b24d8d41b5ae6b5663f1abe63d4ea30a41a3527ddb84a), implementations: [0xdc92756F7Bbbd934345B6c14b7FcdC42E7FBA19F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xdc92756F7Bbbd934345B6c14b7FcdC42E7FBA19F#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x899a4f5f5422cC5E8183280182e7096Fb923C762/eth:0xdc92756F7Bbbd934345B6c14b7FcdC42E7FBA19F))
- 2025-07-21 17:58 UTC, deployment of [GatewayWallet](https://etherscan.io/address/0x77777777Dcc4d5A8B6E418Fd04D8997ef11000eE#code): transaction [0x3184d25af4d116a0ed0b24d8d41b5ae6b5663f1abe63d4ea30a41a3527ddb84a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3184d25af4d116a0ed0b24d8d41b5ae6b5663f1abe63d4ea30a41a3527ddb84a), implementations: [0x899a4f5f5422cC5E8183280182e7096Fb923C762](https://etherscan.io/address/0x899a4f5f5422cC5E8183280182e7096Fb923C762#code)

Exit point or burner of USDC on this chain for the Gateway protocol.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: EOA 21
  - **attestationSigners**: EOA 85
  - **contractSignersAllowlister**: EOA 10
  - **denylister**: EOA 50
  - **owner**: EOA 21
  - **pauser**: EOA 76

Can be upgraded by: EOA 21 with no delay

#### MessageTransmitterV2

Addresses: [0x81D40F21F12A8F0E3252Bccb954D722d4c464B64](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81D40F21F12A8F0E3252Bccb954D722d4c464B64#code), [0xa30C41865729C248067704d4DB9F38385Cbe1186](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa30C41865729C248067704d4DB9F38385Cbe1186#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xB7569E9eB64eaEd5C4166E510b4F6fF54ef42258](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB7569E9eB64eaEd5C4166E510b4F6fF54ef42258#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2025-02-11 00:34 UTC, deployment of [MessageTransmitterV2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81D40F21F12A8F0E3252Bccb954D722d4c464B64#code): transaction [0x5ffaa1582fac9975d8fb0aee75cc0d5bb67c3c2878c33321b84136eda12db0a1](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x5ffaa1582fac9975d8fb0aee75cc0d5bb67c3c2878c33321b84136eda12db0a1), implementations: [0xa30C41865729C248067704d4DB9F38385Cbe1186](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa30C41865729C248067704d4DB9F38385Cbe1186#code)

Part of CCTP
- Roles:
  - **admin**: EOA 86
  - **attesterManager**: EOA 88
  - **getEnabledAttester**: EOA 39, EOA 49
  - **owner**: EOA 84
  - **pauser**: EOA 27
  - **rescuer**: EOA 40

Can be upgraded by: EOA 86 with no delay

#### USD Coin Token

Addresses: [0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48#code), [0x43506849D7C04F9138D1A2050bbF3A0c054402dd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x43506849D7C04F9138D1A2050bbF3A0c054402dd#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x807a96288A1A408dBC13DE2b1d087d10356395d2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x807a96288A1A408dBC13DE2b1d087d10356395d2#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 2, Last upgrade: 2y 8mo ago, Avg upgrade interval: 2y)

- 2024-01-08 17:16 UTC, upgrade of [USD Coin Token](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48#code): transaction [0xae3ad89e569f27d47a8a02999a6d937c12aaa6bc50e66650e7cbd3244bde9951](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xae3ad89e569f27d47a8a02999a6d937c12aaa6bc50e66650e7cbd3244bde9951), implementations: [0x43506849D7C04F9138D1A2050bbF3A0c054402dd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x43506849D7C04F9138D1A2050bbF3A0c054402dd#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xa2327a938Febf5FEC13baCFb16Ae10EcBc4cbDCF/eth:0x43506849D7C04F9138D1A2050bbF3A0c054402dd))
- 2021-04-26 19:14 UTC, upgrade of [USD Coin Token](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48#code): transaction [0xe2e40640ffd5f76538cd23660cf56f00bfebd5fe925ebad6b8067c4cee18a2c3](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe2e40640ffd5f76538cd23660cf56f00bfebd5fe925ebad6b8067c4cee18a2c3), implementations: [0xa2327a938Febf5FEC13baCFb16Ae10EcBc4cbDCF](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa2327a938Febf5FEC13baCFb16Ae10EcBc4cbDCF#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xB7277a6e95992041568D9391D09d0122023778A2/eth:0xa2327a938Febf5FEC13baCFb16Ae10EcBc4cbDCF))
- 2020-08-27 15:32 UTC, deployment of [USD Coin Token](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48#code): transaction [0xe6f0f754398d89583da8e4229c5d7aaa00739a3ae334ecfc2839ac396b4836e3](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe6f0f754398d89583da8e4229c5d7aaa00739a3ae334ecfc2839ac396b4836e3), implementations: [0xB7277a6e95992041568D9391D09d0122023778A2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB7277a6e95992041568D9391D09d0122023778A2#code)

- Roles:
  - **admin**: EOA 61
  - **blacklister**: EOA 6
  - **masterMinter**: MasterMinter; ultimately EOA 100, EOA 103, EOA 104, EOA 106, EOA 108, EOA 11, EOA 110, EOA 111, EOA 112, EOA 13, EOA 15, EOA 25, EOA 28, EOA 29, EOA 31, EOA 32, EOA 34, EOA 43, EOA 46, EOA 5, EOA 52, EOA 53, EOA 55, EOA 56, EOA 60, EOA 63, EOA 68, EOA 7, EOA 70, EOA 71, EOA 72, EOA 73, EOA 77, EOA 81, EOA 82, EOA 89, EOA 9, EOA 90, EOA 92, EOA 93, EOA 94, EOA 95, EOA 96, EOA 97
  - **minters**: EOA 1, EOA 101, EOA 102, EOA 105, EOA 107, EOA 12, EOA 16, EOA 17, EOA 18, EOA 20, EOA 22, EOA 23, EOA 33, EOA 35, EOA 4, EOA 41, EOA 42, EOA 54, EOA 57, EOA 64, EOA 65, EOA 66, EOA 69, EOA 74, EOA 78, EOA 79, EOA 8, GatewayMinter, GatewayWallet, TokenMinter, TokenMinterV2, UnverifiedUSDCMinter; ultimately EOA 24, EOA 39, EOA 49, EOA 83, EOA 85, EOA 99
  - **owner**: EOA 109
  - **pauser**: EOA 36

Can be upgraded by: EOA 61 with no delay

#### TokenMessenger

Addresses: [0xBd3fa81B58Ba92a82136038B25aDec7066af3155](https://etherscan.io/address/0xBd3fa81B58Ba92a82136038B25aDec7066af3155#code)

Part of CCTP
- Roles:
  - **localMessageTransmitter**: MessageTransmitter
  - **owner**: EOA 45
  - **rescuer**: EOA 44

#### TokenMinter

Addresses: [0xc4922d64a24675E16e1586e3e3Aa56C06fABe907](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc4922d64a24675E16e1586e3e3Aa56C06fABe907#code)

Part of CCTP: Used for automated access control for minting.
- Roles:
  - **localTokenMessenger**: TokenMessenger
  - **owner**: EOA 2
  - **pauser**: EOA 62
  - **rescuer**: EOA 75
  - **tokenController**: EOA 67

#### MasterMinter

Addresses: [0xE982615d461DD5cD06575BbeA87624fda4e3de17](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE982615d461DD5cD06575BbeA87624fda4e3de17#code)

- Roles:
  - **controllers**: EOA 100, EOA 103, EOA 104, EOA 106, EOA 108, EOA 11, EOA 110, EOA 111, EOA 112, EOA 13, EOA 15, EOA 25, EOA 28, EOA 29, EOA 31, EOA 32, EOA 34, EOA 43, EOA 46, EOA 5, EOA 52, EOA 53, EOA 55, EOA 56, EOA 60, EOA 63, EOA 68, EOA 7, EOA 70, EOA 71, EOA 72, EOA 73, EOA 77, EOA 81, EOA 82, EOA 9, EOA 90, EOA 92, EOA 93, EOA 94, EOA 95, EOA 96, EOA 97
  - **owner**: EOA 89

#### TokenMinterV2

Addresses: [0xfd78EE919681417d192449715b2594ab58f5D002](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd78EE919681417d192449715b2594ab58f5D002#code)

Part of CCTP: Used for automated access control for minting.
- Roles:
  - **localTokenMessenger**: TokenMessengerV2
  - **owner**: EOA 58
  - **pauser**: EOA 38
  - **rescuer**: EOA 98
  - **tokenController**: EOA 51

The current deployment carries some associated risks:

- Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL).