# Stargate

Markdown version of https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate

## Summary

- Last 24h volume: $22.12 M
- Last 24h transfer count: 837
- Last 24h top path: Ethereum ↔ Tempo ($12.13 M)
- Last 24h avg. transfer time: Bus: N/A, Taxi: 1m 21s
- Last 24h avg. transfer value: $26.43 K
- Last 24h tokens by volume: [EURC](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/QFmTnW/eurc) ($12.10 M), [USDC](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/9HN5PN/circle/usdc) ($5.70 M), [USDT](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/xxeNQv/tether/usdt) ($3.08 M), and 1 more
- Last 24h top token: [EURC](https://l2beat.com/interop/tokens/QFmTnW/eurc) ($12.10 M volume, 10 transfers)
- Last 24h transfer size: Under $100: 435 transfers, $100-$1K: 228 transfers, $1K-$10K: 101 transfers, $10K-$100K: 31 transfers, Over $100K: 42 transfers (min under $0.01, average $26.43 K, max $5.89 M)
- Last 24h transfer type distribution: Lock & Mint: $12.19 M, Non-minting: $9.93 M

### About

Liquidity bridge focused on USD stablecoins and ETH using the LayerZero message bridge. Stargate also has a Hydra product which is a minting token bridge for chains that do not natively support Stargate assets.

## Volume and flows

### Top chains by volume (last 24h)

A transfer counts toward the volume of both its source and its destination chain, so the chain volumes add up to more than the total volume.

- Ethereum: $21.64 M (372 transfers)
- Tempo: $12.14 M (30 transfers)
- BNB Smart Chain: $6.40 M (285 transfers)
- and 8 more

### Top routes by volume (last 24h)

- Ethereum → Tempo: $6.20 M
- Tempo → Ethereum: $5.92 M
- Ethereum → BNB Smart Chain: $4.72 M
- BNB Smart Chain → Ethereum: $1.54 M
- Ethereum → Arbitrum One: $917.74 K
- Ethereum → Avalanche: $637.28 K
- Ethereum → Base: $561.07 K
- Arbitrum One → Ethereum: $345.69 K
- Base → Ethereum: $344.37 K
- Ethereum → Polygon PoS: $194.81 K

The flows between chains are an interactive graph on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate#interop-volume).

## Top tokens by volume

The interactive tokens table is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate#interop-tokens).

## Transfers

The interactive transfers table is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate#interop-transfers).

## Updates

Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs.

### [2026-10-12 07:19 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=d14ac086) (high severity, 17 changes)

The shared LayerZero executor on Ethereum upgraded to an unverified implementation.

[Executor diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xfE9AB78eD4f9f3DbB168d9f5E5213d78605C9805/eth:0x1Ed8E51E8AB2A00B2805aEcf2C6aC0BB6521eaE0).

### [2026-10-01 10:42 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=64622989) (1 change)

The owner of CreditMessagingMintableBurnable manually minted credits without crosschain messages for the USDC pool (gnosis, aurora) and the ETH pool (gnosis, lightlink), stated reason: consolidating balance and credit as part of the deprecation of these remote pools on 2026-09-24.

### [2026-08-10 09:08 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=955653d9) (4 changes)

Multisig member change.

### [2026-07-29 11:43 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=4f7c614c) (1 change)

One signer was rotated in Stargate Multisig 2. Its 5-of-7 threshold and sole executor are unchanged.

### [2026-07-21 08:57 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=307616e4) (4 changes)

Add 2 multisig signers.

### [2026-06-16 10:01 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=283c8011) (20 changes)

Upgrade CreditMessaging to a new version that allows the owner to increase/decrease credits without LayerZero verification and crosschain messages.

### [2026-05-28 10:28 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=0bc5b270) (2 changes)

two ms members change.

### [2026-05-21 09:33 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=6c3739c8) (3 changes)

add required DNV for stargate.

### [2026-05-11 12:39 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=1e39cc66) (1 change)

config: lz template changes.

### [2026-04-28 10:11 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=2ad4e87f) (1 change)

rm unsupported chains

nethermind reduced signer size.

### [2026-03-02 09:47 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=d3d99ad1) (49 changes)

migrate to baseproject.

### [2025-07-14 12:46 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=52d51948) (29 changes)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-07-09 15:13 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=68c5a9fa) (5 changes)

Update LZ Multisig to a custom multisig contract that allows offchain signing with multichain onchain execution.

### [2025-01-28 15:04 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=2e81cf41) (7 changes)

LayerZero MS update: members swapped and new member added (now 3/5).

### [2024-11-25 10:52 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=bf719ff7) (1 change)

MS signer change.

### [2024-10-23 10:07 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=281b5bc7) (5 changes)

LayerZero Multisig: One signer removed.

### [2024-03-14 14:12 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=98fd4566) (high severity, 2 changes)

New PriceFeed Oracle implementation has been deployed. Chain paths and liquidity data has been updated.

### [2024-02-14 10:08 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=6665d9cf) (5 changes)

A new pool for mETH is added. The Default basis point multiplier of the Google Oracle is updated (related to fees). The latest version of the LayerZero Endpoint contract is updated:

- Version 4: 0xd231084bfb234c107d3ee2b22f97f3346fdaf705 (SendUln301)
- Version 5: 0x245b6e8ffe9ea5fc301e32d16f66bd4c2123eefc (ReceiveUln301)

### [2023-12-19 13:36 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=079a47d9) (3 changes)

Added new config values.

### [2023-11-23 13:31 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=bc8f9ae0) (1 change)

StarGateFeeLibrary7 owner was replaced: 0x1D7C6783328C145393e84fb47a7f7C548f5Ee28d -> 0x65bb797c2B9830d891D87288F029ed8dACc19705

### [2023-11-17 12:24 UTC](https://l2beat.com/interop/protocols/stargate?update=ad5a1603) (3 changes)

One EOA owner was replaced in StarGate Multisig:

- removed: 0x285b7EEa81a5B66B62e7276a24c1e0F83F7409c1
- added: 0x2E1078e128e8AA6A70eC8d1B17A79Fc4B457d437

The same change was performed on a multisig in the Aptos project.