# HashKey Chain

Markdown version of https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey

## Summary

**Warning:** There are impactful changes and part of the information might be outdated.

**Warning:** Why is the project listed in others? The proof system isn't fully functional. Consequence: projects without a proper proof system fully rely on single entities to safely update the state. A malicious proposer can finalize an invalid state, which can cause loss of funds. Learn more about the [recategorisation](https://medium.com/l2beat/framework-update-l2-projects-recategorisation-5d43b0d1fe50).

- Total Value Secured: $8.46 M (0.00% compared to seven days ago; canonically bridged $8.46 M, natively minted $0.00, externally bridged $0.00; 0.00% with additional trust assumptions compared to the tokens involved and the Stage assigned to the project's canonical messaging bridge)
  - **Warning:** The HSK token associated with HashKey Chain accounts for 85.4% of the TVS! (sentiment: bad)
- TVS by asset: ETH & derivatives $71.16 K (0.84%), Stablecoins $1.10 M (13.0%), BTC & derivatives $58.39 K (0.69%), Other $7.22 M (85.4%)
- Associated tokens: HSK: $7.22 M (85.4% of TVS)
- Past day UOPS: 0.12 (-28.5% compared to seven days ago)
- Gas token: HSK
- Type: Other
- Purposes: Universal, Exchange
- Host chain: Ethereum
- Chain ID: 177

### Risks

- Sequencer failure: Self sequence (12h delay; sentiment: good)
- State validation: Fraud proofs (INT) (3d 12h challenge period + 3d 12h execution delay; sentiment: bad)
- Data availability: Onchain (sentiment: good)
- Exit window: None (sentiment: bad)
- Proposer failure: Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad)

### About

HashKey Chain is a regulatory-compliant, institutional-grade OP stack Layer 2 solution bridging traditional finance and Web3. It is powered by Hong Kong's premier virtual asset ecosystem.

### Links

- Website: https://hsk.xyz/
- Bridge: https://bridge.hsk.xyz/
- Docs: https://docs.hsk.xyz/
- Explorer: https://explorer.hsk.xyz/, https://hashkey.blockscout.com
- Repository: https://github.com/HashKeyChain
- Social: https://x.com/HashKeyHSK, https://t.me/hashkeyhsk, https://discord.com/invite/ujaF7aKAEk
- Contracts explorer (Disco): https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/hashkey

### Badges

- EVM: This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language
- Ethereum with blobs: This project is posting its data to Ethereum as blobs
- Built on OP Stack: The project is built on the OP Stack

## Value Secured

The interactive TVS charts are shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey#tvs).

Token by token: [TVS breakdown](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey/tvs-breakdown).

- [TVS chart (JSON)](https://l2beat.com/api/scaling/tvs/hashkey)
- [TVS breakdown by token (JSON)](https://l2beat.com/api/scaling/tvs/hashkey/breakdown)

## Activity

The interactive activity chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey#activity).

- [Activity chart (JSON)](https://l2beat.com/api/scaling/activity/hashkey)

## Onchain costs

The section shows the operating costs that L2s pay to Ethereum.

The interactive costs chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey#onchain-costs).

### Tracked transactions

#### Batch submissions

- transfer: 2025-04-10 08:20 UTC - now; currently used; from: [0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A); to: [0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5)

#### State updates

- functionCall: 2025-04-10 08:20 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50](https://etherscan.io/address/0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50); selector: 0x82ecf2f6; signature: `function create(uint32 _gameType, bytes32 _rootClaim, bytes _extraData) payable returns (address proxy_)`

## Data posted

This section shows how much data the project publishes to Ethereum over time. It leaves out data posted to other data-availability (DA) layers. The project currently posts data to [Ethereum](https://l2beat.com/projects/ethereum).

The interactive data posted chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey#data-posted).

### Tracked transactions

#### Blob submissions

- DA layer Ethereum: from block 21414884 to 22237008; historical; inbox: [0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5); sequencers: [0x9391791f7CB74F8BFDA65edc0749efd964311b55](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9391791f7CB74F8BFDA65edc0749efd964311b55)
- DA layer Ethereum: from block 22237008 to 24324263; historical; inbox: [0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5); sequencers: [0xf09ebb62b5ba0cf402b77aBA61691cBCf005206f](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf09ebb62b5ba0cf402b77aBA61691cBCf005206f)
- DA layer Ethereum: from block 24324263 to 24582182; historical; inbox: [0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5); sequencers: [0xFa35501cab42175918093F40C317642919F45165](https://etherscan.io/address/0xFa35501cab42175918093F40C317642919F45165)
- DA layer Ethereum: from block 24582182 to now; currently used; inbox: [0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5); sequencers: [0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A)

## Liveness

This section shows how "live" the project's operators are by displaying how frequently they submit transactions of the selected type. It also highlights anomalies - significant deviations from their typical schedule.

No ongoing anomalies detected.

The interactive liveness chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey#liveness).

### Tracked transactions

#### Batch submissions

- transfer: 2025-04-10 08:20 UTC - now; currently used; from: [0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A); to: [0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5)

#### State updates

- functionCall: 2025-04-10 08:20 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50](https://etherscan.io/address/0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50); selector: 0x82ecf2f6; signature: `function create(uint32 _gameType, bytes32 _rootClaim, bytes _extraData) payable returns (address proxy_)`

## Risk summary

**Warning:** The fault proof system is deployed but is not functional. The chain ID is not included in the superchain registry snapshot embedded in the op-program release that the dispute games commit to, causing the dispute game to panic during execution. Security relies entirely on the permissioned proposer and challengers.

### Funds can be stolen if

1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL),
2. no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL).

### MEV can be extracted if

3. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

## Risk analysis

**Warning:** The fault proof system is deployed but is not functional. The chain ID is not included in the superchain registry snapshot embedded in the op-program release that the dispute games commit to, causing the dispute game to panic during execution. Security relies entirely on the permissioned proposer and challengers.

### Sequencer failure

Self sequence (12h delay; sentiment: good)

In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 12h delay on this operation.

### State validation

Fraud proofs (INT) (3d 12h challenge period + 3d 12h execution delay; sentiment: bad)

Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. Only one entity is currently allowed to propose and submit challenges, as only permissioned games are currently allowed.

### Data availability

Onchain (sentiment: good)

All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.

### Exit window

None (sentiment: bad)

There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.

### Proposer failure

Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad)

Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.

## Stage

HashKey Chain is not even a Stage 0 project.

### Stage 0

1 issue needs fixing.

- Met: A complete and functional proof system is deployed.
- Met: The project calls itself a rollup.
- Met: State roots are posted to Ethereum L1.
- Met: Inputs for the state transition function are posted to Ethereum L1.
- Met: A source-available node exists that can recreate the state from Ethereum L1 data. Please note that the L2BEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code. [View code](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/op-node)
- Issue: Fraud proof submission is not sufficiently decentralized.

### Stage 1

3 issues need fixing.

**Principle**

- Issue: Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council should be the only way (other than bugs) for a rollup to indefinitely block an L2→L1 message (e.g. a withdrawal) or push an invalid L2→L1 message (e.g. an invalid withdrawal) with a <7d exit window.

**Guidelines**

- Met: The sources of all programs used are public and program hashes can be independently regenerated.
- Issue: Users' withdrawals can be censored by the permissioned operators.
- Issue: Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring.

### Stage 2

3 issues need fixing.

- Issue: Fraud proof submission is open only to whitelisted actors.
- Issue: Upgrades unrelated to onchain provable bugs provide less than 30d to exit.
- Issue: The Security Council's actions are not confined to onchain provable bugs.

[Learn more about Stages](https://l2beat.com/stages).

Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect project security, this is an opinionated assessment of project maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal.

## Data availability

### All data required for proofs is published on chain

All the data that is used to construct the system state is published on chain in the form of cheap blobs or calldata. This ensures that it will be available for enough time.

**References**

- [Derivation: Batch submission - OP Mainnet specs](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/main/specs/protocol/derivation.md#batch-submission)
- [BatchInbox - address](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0004cb44C80b6Fbf8ceb1d80AF688C9f7C0b2aB5#code)
- [OptimismPortal2.sol - source code, depositTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1#code)

Learn more about the DA layer here: [Ethereum](https://l2beat.com/projects/ethereum)

## State derivation

### Node software

The rollup node is composed of two software components: [op-node](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/op-node), implementing consensus related logic, and [op-geth](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/op-geth), implementing execution logic. The configuration file can be found [here](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/superchain-registry/blob/main/superchain/configs/mainnet/hashkeychain.toml).

### Compression scheme

Data batches are compressed using the [zlib](https://github.com/madler/zlib) algorithm with best compression level.

### Genesis state

The genesis file can be found [here](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/superchain-registry/blob/main/superchain/extra/genesis/mainnet/hashkeychain.json.zst).

### Data format

The format specification of Sequencer's data batches can be found [here](https://optimism.io/blog/here-s-how-you-can-reproduce-op-mainnet-s-migration-to-bedrock).

## State validation

Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by permissioned operators only. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals.

### State root proposals

Proposers submit state roots as children of the latest confirmed state root (called anchor state), by calling the `create` function in the DisputeGameFactory. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. Each proposal requires a stake, currently set to 0.0 ETH, that can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. Stakes can be withdrawn only after the proposal has been confirmed. A state root gets confirmed if the challenge period has passed and it is not countered.

**Risks**

- Funds can be stolen if no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL).

**References**

- [OP stack specification: Fault Dispute Game](https://specs.optimism.io/fault-proof/stage-one/fault-dispute-game.html#fault-dispute-game)

### Challenges

Challenges are opened to disprove invalid state roots using bisection games. Each bisection move requires a stake that increases expontentially with the depth of the bisection, with a factor of 1.09493. The maximum depth is 73, and reaching it therefore requires a cumulative stake of 0.00 ETH from depth 0. Actors can participate in any challenge by calling the `defend` or `attack` functions, depending whether they agree or disagree with the latest claim and want to move the bisection game forward. Actors that disagree with the top-level claim are called challengers, and actors that agree are called defenders. Each actor might be involved in multiple (sub-)challenges at the same time, meaning that the protocol operates with [full concurrency](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a). Challengers and defenders alternate in the bisection game, and they pass each other a clock that starts with 3d 12h. If a clock expires, the claim is considered defeated if it was countered, or it gets confirmed if uncountered. Since honest parties can inherit clocks from malicious parties that play both as challengers and defenders (see [freeloader claims](https://specs.optimism.io/fault-proof/stage-one/fault-dispute-game.html#freeloader-claims)), an inherited clock with too little time remaining is generally extended by 3h. The extension is 6h when the next claim is immediately before split depth 30, and 1d 3h (the standard extension plus the 1d oracle challenge period) immediately before the last depth. Along a full-depth path, cumulative extensions can therefore add up to 10d 3h. Since unconfirmed state roots are independent of one another, users can decide to exit with a subsequent confirmed state root if the previous one is delayed. Winners get the entire losers' stake, meaning that sybils can potentially play against each other at no cost. The final instruction found via the bisection game is then executed onchain in the MIPS one step prover contract who determines the winner. The protocol does not enforce valid bisections, meaning that actors can propose correct initial claims and then provide incorrect midpoints. The protocol can be subject to resource exhaustion attacks ([Spearbit 5.1.3](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/docs/security-reviews/2024_08_Fault-Proofs-No-MIPS_Spearbit.pdf)).

**References**

- [Fraud Proof Wars: OPFP](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a)

### Program Hashes

#### OP absolute prestate v1.3.1

A commitment to the initial state of the OP stack fault proof program.

- Hash: `0x038512e02c4c3f7bdaec27d00edf55b7155e0905301e1a88083e4e0a6764d54c`
- Repository: https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/op-node/v1.3.1/op-program/client
- Verification: successful
- Used in: [Ronin](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ronin-network), [HashKey Chain](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey), [Silent Data](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/silentdata)

##### Verification steps

Steps are based on [this guide](https://docs.optimism.io/chain-operators/tutorials/absolute-prestate).

1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/) and make sure it is running.
2. Check out the correct branch of [optimism](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism) repo: `git checkout op-program/v1.3.1` . Commit hash should be `e3c2f046c2d7103c765cbd47e949a284e511a47d`.
3. Regenerate the absolute prestate: `make reproducible-prestate`. This script will print out the correct hash.

## Upgrades & Governance

### Past upgrades

The metrics include upgrades on the currently used proxy contracts. Historical proxy contracts and changes of such are not included.

- Count of upgrades: 3
- Last upgrade: 2mo 11d ago
- Avg upgrade interval: 8mo 27d

- 2026-08-04 08:28 UTC, upgrade of [SystemConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x43F8DeFe3E9286D152E91BB16a248808E7247198#code): transaction [0x6dab15d826dc253e57c4cd55634e061e01df3d1045528e3dde13840bbddde1fd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6dab15d826dc253e57c4cd55634e061e01df3d1045528e3dde13840bbddde1fd), implementations: [0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xbc10fE919504D53953d27989CD5B48B9A7c08Be0/eth:0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A))
- 2026-05-25 05:51 UTC, upgrade of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A#code): transaction [0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c), implementations: [0x3a6CBE32Ed9E11662362400C293485109bdF2CcC](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3a6CBE32Ed9E11662362400C293485109bdF2CcC#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1/eth:0x3a6CBE32Ed9E11662362400C293485109bdF2CcC))
- 2026-05-25 05:51 UTC, upgrade of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A#code): transaction [0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c), implementations: [0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1/eth:0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1))
- 2024-12-16 11:08 UTC, deployment of [AnchorStateRegistry](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4deC2aA521108d78d983c0c12656c6CF8631F2ED#code): transaction [0x471f2f867ef5c389027fcb43bb83162a2aa4af482029a0f4c45c3db2765b0134](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x471f2f867ef5c389027fcb43bb83162a2aa4af482029a0f4c45c3db2765b0134), implementations: [0xE5a698154470AF2626b27fEecb684F8fb265F2E0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE5a698154470AF2626b27fEecb684F8fb265F2E0#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:08 UTC, deployment of [DelayedWETH](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd9c31D15f2c649e525C2574bC025b3CAafAaf6fe#code): transaction [0x7ac81f23f33c8fd25cb3c9bb918ced8f032989fdfdbfd98c7ac23f1735ae397f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x7ac81f23f33c8fd25cb3c9bb918ced8f032989fdfdbfd98c7ac23f1735ae397f), implementations: [0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:08 UTC, deployment of [DelayedWETH](https://etherscan.io/address/0xBb70D595147A141e268532BFEF61A8c25054d26D#code): transaction [0xe2e1492dc5adea04088b786ca327df8addc15e95b1714c442dc9aee0b96da2ea](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe2e1492dc5adea04088b786ca327df8addc15e95b1714c442dc9aee0b96da2ea), implementations: [0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:07 UTC, deployment of [DisputeGameFactory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50#code): transaction [0x2127945406db892b80c53ecca4038f8cd8a09bf34609bedab1abbeec104b985e](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x2127945406db892b80c53ecca4038f8cd8a09bf34609bedab1abbeec104b985e), implementations: [0x71442A5586bde0f5EfD6588D01c2B2820D9D236D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x71442A5586bde0f5EfD6588D01c2B2820D9D236D#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:07 UTC, deployment of [L1CrossDomainMessenger](https://etherscan.io/address/0x899F07862D3A03F70E07b7f01183934b485d2e97#code): transaction [0x18124dec0d690b8070dc4f7a465bd3fa4da20624e726077230504fbe284dd411](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x18124dec0d690b8070dc4f7a465bd3fa4da20624e726077230504fbe284dd411), implementations: [0x21971eCC803C30A181ee111803253C869083baF1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x21971eCC803C30A181ee111803253C869083baF1#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:06 UTC, deployment of [OptimismMintableERC20Factory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0407af506d86bFA5e401099b2fC2355590638f19#code): transaction [0x1d7aab4c1ea1fedbcee0d9b737149bb551b8f621b2fe4ce8222fe3d34359c155](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x1d7aab4c1ea1fedbcee0d9b737149bb551b8f621b2fe4ce8222fe3d34359c155), implementations: [0x3FAe8259417036C02156DF91BdaF9d8F0ae5551f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3FAe8259417036C02156DF91BdaF9d8F0ae5551f#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:06 UTC, deployment of [L1ERC721Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd4C83D93c6fAE3E0804B785F9Cf465BE95449D04#code): transaction [0x6d78b2810917cff9e25fa59661d3700154876bd1e70ff9887cfc8862eeac2ac9](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6d78b2810917cff9e25fa59661d3700154876bd1e70ff9887cfc8862eeac2ac9), implementations: [0xcD8f943e7d506cD92dE582Ac5065dE718E568580](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcD8f943e7d506cD92dE582Ac5065dE718E568580#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:05 UTC, deployment of [SystemConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x43F8DeFe3E9286D152E91BB16a248808E7247198#code): transaction [0x79baffb8228b3b0b6c465fb72f7bf01eac38be1ebbabf54b9b196bd5138b9611](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x79baffb8228b3b0b6c465fb72f7bf01eac38be1ebbabf54b9b196bd5138b9611), implementations: [0xbc10fE919504D53953d27989CD5B48B9A7c08Be0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbc10fE919504D53953d27989CD5B48B9A7c08Be0#code)
- 2024-12-16 11:05 UTC, deployment of [OptimismPortal2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe7Aa79B59CAc06F9706D896a047fEb9d3BDA8bD3#code): transaction [0xa75dfc34e3c0c1cc441a5b6de207082bc8f639d7fc3d65558344b0f92785ac32](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa75dfc34e3c0c1cc441a5b6de207082bc8f639d7fc3d65558344b0f92785ac32), implementations: [0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1#code)
- 2024-12-16 10:59 UTC, deployment of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A#code): transaction [0x1dcf3f8b738b3dfa3a01a25f98c6d34364a7f72bc076d559a3871b732b27cccd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x1dcf3f8b738b3dfa3a01a25f98c6d34364a7f72bc076d559a3871b732b27cccd), implementations: [0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1#code)

## Updates

Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs.

### [2026-09-07 21:34 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=fb2de611) (1 change)

SystemConfig `unsafeBlockSigner` rotated.

### [2026-08-11 08:22 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=3db07948) (high severity, 14 changes)

SystemConfig implementation upgraded (upgradeCount 1 -> 2), adding owner-gated eip1559Denominator/Elasticity, operatorFeeScalar/Constant, daFootprintGasScalar (all 0, unconfigured) and minBaseFee (set to 500 gwei floor). l2ChainId and superchainConfig are new storage slots the source comments mark as reserved placeholders for a future OP v5 upgrade, intentionally left unset here. Owner unchanged (NXV Safe, 3-of-5).

Diff: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xbc10fE919504D53953d27989CD5B48B9A7c08Be0/eth:0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A

### [2026-06-23 10:25 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=fa40cfa1) (25 changes)

Moved some GnosisSafes to NXV multisigs (supposedly simplified version of GnosisSafe), see: nexvault.com

### [2026-03-04 12:16 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=ab0dc62f) (high severity, 5 changes)

PermissionedDisputeGame redeployed with a new proposer address (same implementation, same version 1.3.1-beta.2, same absolutePrestate). Proposer rotated from 0xD1B3Ea8b98C86b1fc00B28096CB504d930D17A54 to 0xF660E0982b3720bc01692f9D10c647f688FD07ba. [Diff (identical code)](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x80243779986D4F08b7bc2888a8Ce086E0d45dF41/eth:0xE38135e20BA018a5542C83De258d80d6883Da8A3)

Batcher and unsafeBlockSigner addresses rotated in SystemConfig.

### [2026-01-27 16:55 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=2c971eee) (high severity, 6 changes)

Key rotation: New PermissionedDisputeGame deployed with new proposer address (0xC5576... → 0xD1B3E...). Since PermissionedDisputeGame has immutable constructor params, a new contract was needed to change the proposer. SystemConfig also updated with new batcher (0xFa35501...) and new unsafe block signer (0x38Eb7B...). Same implementation code and absolutePrestate (v1.3.1 govApproved).

### [2025-09-01 10:07 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=bab26bd9) (3 changes)

Multisig update.

### [2025-07-14 12:45 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=dff7a45c) (20 changes)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-04-11 06:42 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=9b1fee7b) (11 changes)

batcherHash changed, added nonTemplateTrackedTransactions.
Config: anchorGame ignored.

### [2025-03-19 15:45 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=433bbc4e) (1 change)

Ignore.

### [2025-01-22 14:18 UTC](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey?update=e235d7ca) (20 changes)

Initial discovery. Uses OptiPortal2 (post OPFP) and system contract beta versions to allow for custom gasTokens. No other significant changes to the current Optimism contracts.

Respected Game type is permissioned, no SecurityCouncil, no Superchain gov.

## Operator

### The system has a centralized operator

The operator is the only entity that can propose blocks. A live and trustworthy operator is vital to the health of the system.

**Risks**

- MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

### Users can force any transaction

Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly.

**References**

- [Sequencing Window - OP Mainnet Specs](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/51eeb76efeb32b3df3e978f311188aa29f5e3e94/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-window)
- [OptimismPortal2.sol - source code, depositTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1#code)

## Withdrawals

### Regular exits

The user initiates the withdrawal by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When a state root containing such transaction is settled, the funds become available for withdrawal on L1 after 3d 12h. Withdrawal inclusion can be proven before state root settlement, but a 3d 12h period has to pass before it becomes actionable. The process of state root settlement takes a challenge period of at least 3d 12h to complete. Finally the user submits an L1 transaction to claim the funds. This transaction requires a merkle proof.

**References**

- [OptimismPortal2.sol - Etherscan source code, proveWithdrawalTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1#code)
- [OptimismPortal2.sol - Etherscan source code, finalizeWithdrawalTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1#code)

### Forced messaging

If the user experiences censorship from the operator with regular L2->L1 messaging they can submit their messages directly on L1. The system is then obliged to service this request or halt all messages, including forced withdrawals from L1 and regular messages initiated on L2. Once the force operation is submitted and if the request is serviced, the operation follows the flow of a regular message.

**References**

- [Forced withdrawal from an OP Stack blockchain](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/forced-transaction)

## Other considerations

### EVM compatible smart contracts are supported

OP stack chains are pursuing the EVM Equivalence model. No changes to smart contracts are required regardless of the language they are written in, i.e. anything deployed on L1 can be deployed on L2.

**References**

- [Introducing EVM Equivalence](https://medium.com/ethereum-optimism/introducing-evm-equivalence-5c2021deb306)

## Permissions

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, L2BEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/hashkey

### Ethereum

#### Actors

##### NXV (0x3228…C40f)

Addresses: [0x3228F00FbFD0e1F4c282601c489664B10932C40f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3228F00FbFD0e1F4c282601c489664B10932C40f)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold.
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - OptimismMintableERC20Factory [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - DisputeGameFactory [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - L1StandardBridge [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - SystemConfig [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - AnchorStateRegistry [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - L1CrossDomainMessenger [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - DelayedWETH [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - L1ERC721Bridge [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - DelayedWETH [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - OptimismPortal2 [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - SuperchainConfig [via: ProxyAdmin]
- Can interact with AddressManager
  - set and change address mappings [via: ProxyAdmin]

Participants (5): [0x18B024f02b7Bd6F3595F49285d5EaD0880b00338](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18B024f02b7Bd6F3595F49285d5EaD0880b00338), [0x6622C53e25cDA3166A76Ff503BBd38ff9DED022A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6622C53e25cDA3166A76Ff503BBd38ff9DED022A), [0xAFf88c51043b2F12fb409B1b0F5e598E867c70A7](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAFf88c51043b2F12fb409B1b0F5e598E867c70A7), [0xC00d88Eb202869FF412F95811AA95D55cB3B9d47](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC00d88Eb202869FF412F95811AA95D55cB3B9d47), [0xd1E15028fe575AD2D8F6d7bd1CB22589dFA68fbe](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd1E15028fe575AD2D8F6d7bd1CB22589dFA68fbe)

##### NXV (0x3918…B696)

Addresses: [0x391832Fb1884E6772Dbd9f24cE2db35E9B20B696](https://etherscan.io/address/0x391832Fb1884E6772Dbd9f24cE2db35E9B20B696)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold.
- Can interact with SystemConfig
  - it can update the preconfer address, the batch submitter (Sequencer) address and the gas configuration of the system

Participants (5): [0x0dE9FA3e6d10665E2896565D34FB6Cb69041987A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0dE9FA3e6d10665E2896565D34FB6Cb69041987A), [0x0Fa31E74FdE71D75bbA7f31df6466fCd825e780D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0Fa31E74FdE71D75bbA7f31df6466fCd825e780D), [0x19a3A4a6602C978A5b93d4Fcfc0acB883eD0d0BD](https://etherscan.io/address/0x19a3A4a6602C978A5b93d4Fcfc0acB883eD0d0BD), [0x7015251A3D3F5A517072FA4a01FCc028aad9A5b1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7015251A3D3F5A517072FA4a01FCc028aad9A5b1), [0xcd2BD074bBd6433b9D46006483e06fe98127A93A](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcd2BD074bBd6433b9D46006483e06fe98127A93A)

##### Hashkey Multisig 1

Addresses: [0x441F31C4cdf772558D4EA31f3114de59aE145E7c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x441F31C4cdf772558D4EA31f3114de59aE145E7c)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold.
- Can interact with DisputeGameFactory
  - set the dispute game implementation and initial bond for any game type
- Can interact with DelayedWETH
  - can pull funds from the contract in case of emergency
- Can interact with DelayedWETH
  - can pull funds from the contract in case of emergency

Participants (5): [0xa4e139F57FCE42f5603a3A714c9a6613Ce09B2B6](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa4e139F57FCE42f5603a3A714c9a6613Ce09B2B6), [0x01D94b8F6b0da7f14D36d660EC0E746ed877151c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x01D94b8F6b0da7f14D36d660EC0E746ed877151c), [0x7623aA9B6D2c1a31E96ba47C9Bc07c6051E5189e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7623aA9B6D2c1a31E96ba47C9Bc07c6051E5189e), [0x2381D617547521a633022F12fbFd35F4128F0d06](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2381D617547521a633022F12fbFd35F4128F0d06), [0xa31d8CDDf0D931Dfda2C9D03E35bd8b5d3A6aEC9](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa31d8CDDf0D931Dfda2C9D03E35bd8b5d3A6aEC9)

##### NXV (0x6F2b…66C9)

Addresses: [0x6F2b20996ADAf3ae64Da901A67f659C2c48f66C9](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6F2b20996ADAf3ae64Da901A67f659C2c48f66C9)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold.
- Can interact with SuperchainConfig
  - Allowed to pause withdrawals. In op stack systems with a proof system, the Guardian can also blacklist dispute games and set the respected game type (permissioned / permissionless)

Participants (5): [0x2d462d0B23F6F510769252ADdEBa31743b0a1569](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2d462d0B23F6F510769252ADdEBa31743b0a1569), [0x3B5a39dA4E87d49416D8676190cC1f1dc8884661](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3B5a39dA4E87d49416D8676190cC1f1dc8884661), [0x4fe176bd3F4C948dbC2cddb6bd85bDC04Eae1c6D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4fe176bd3F4C948dbC2cddb6bd85bDC04Eae1c6D), [0xDfA1C539cAb9376bC2eCcA795BC797EDC196dC1F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xDfA1C539cAb9376bC2eCcA795BC797EDC196dC1F), [0xfF57AA0CC7A727FF219673Cf329C05945685c0f2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfF57AA0CC7A727FF219673Cf329C05945685c0f2)

##### EOA 1

Addresses: [0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e70713222FaF60c9e9fB69240D06ae6D688563A)

- Can interact with SystemConfig
  - Allowed to commit transactions from the current layer to the host chain

## Smart contracts

**Note:** Contracts presented in this section had their implementations updated since the last time our team looked at this project. The information presented may be inaccurate.

![A diagram of the smart contract architecture](https://l2beat.com/static/images/architecture/opstack-rollup-superchain-opfp-preu16.3f876601.png)

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, L2BEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/hashkey

### Ethereum

#### DisputeGameFactory

Addresses: [0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50](https://etherscan.io/address/0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50#code), [0x71442A5586bde0f5EfD6588D01c2B2820D9D236D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x71442A5586bde0f5EfD6588D01c2B2820D9D236D#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:07 UTC, deployment of [DisputeGameFactory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x04Ec030f362CE5A0b5Fe2d4B4219f287C2EBDE50#code): transaction [0x2127945406db892b80c53ecca4038f8cd8a09bf34609bedab1abbeec104b985e](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x2127945406db892b80c53ecca4038f8cd8a09bf34609bedab1abbeec104b985e), implementations: [0x71442A5586bde0f5EfD6588D01c2B2820D9D236D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x71442A5586bde0f5EfD6588D01c2B2820D9D236D#code)

The dispute game factory allows the creation of dispute games, used to propose state roots and eventually challenge them.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV
  - **owner**: Hashkey Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### SystemConfig

Addresses: [0x43F8DeFe3E9286D152E91BB16a248808E7247198](https://etherscan.io/address/0x43F8DeFe3E9286D152E91BB16a248808E7247198#code), [0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 2mo 11d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 11mo 3d)

- 2026-08-04 08:28 UTC, upgrade of [SystemConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x43F8DeFe3E9286D152E91BB16a248808E7247198#code): transaction [0x6dab15d826dc253e57c4cd55634e061e01df3d1045528e3dde13840bbddde1fd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6dab15d826dc253e57c4cd55634e061e01df3d1045528e3dde13840bbddde1fd), implementations: [0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xbc10fE919504D53953d27989CD5B48B9A7c08Be0/eth:0xE4577dCF1C44F04cf489AA995E01e988f461cc4A))
- 2024-12-16 11:05 UTC, deployment of [SystemConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x43F8DeFe3E9286D152E91BB16a248808E7247198#code): transaction [0x79baffb8228b3b0b6c465fb72f7bf01eac38be1ebbabf54b9b196bd5138b9611](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x79baffb8228b3b0b6c465fb72f7bf01eac38be1ebbabf54b9b196bd5138b9611), implementations: [0xbc10fE919504D53953d27989CD5B48B9A7c08Be0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbc10fE919504D53953d27989CD5B48B9A7c08Be0#code)

Contains configuration parameters such as the Sequencer address, gas limit on this chain and the unsafe block signer address.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV
  - **batcherHash**: EOA 1
  - **owner**: NXV

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### SuperchainConfig

Addresses: [0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A#code), [0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 2, Last upgrade: 4mo 22d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 7mo 12d)

- 2026-05-25 05:51 UTC, upgrade of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A#code): transaction [0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c), implementations: [0x3a6CBE32Ed9E11662362400C293485109bdF2CcC](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3a6CBE32Ed9E11662362400C293485109bdF2CcC#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1/eth:0x3a6CBE32Ed9E11662362400C293485109bdF2CcC))
- 2026-05-25 05:51 UTC, upgrade of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A#code): transaction [0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3bfc8a22ff71232436c67628de837c36002264a5dfbc55b38b957f5ba471538c), implementations: [0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1/eth:0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1))
- 2024-12-16 10:59 UTC, deployment of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd1255b6c09D939E7F3896A16C32CDBCD6F8B40A#code): transaction [0x1dcf3f8b738b3dfa3a01a25f98c6d34364a7f72bc076d559a3871b732b27cccd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x1dcf3f8b738b3dfa3a01a25f98c6d34364a7f72bc076d559a3871b732b27cccd), implementations: [0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d31a15050DBE75c6c060D6da696332a5CB943e1#code)

This is NOT the shared SuperchainConfig contract of the OP stack Superchain but rather a local fork. It manages the `PAUSED_SLOT`, a boolean value indicating whether the local chain is paused, and `GUARDIAN_SLOT`, the address of the guardian which can pause and unpause the system.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV
  - **guardian**: NXV

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### L1StandardBridge (escrow)

Addresses: [0x2171E6d3B7964fA9654Ce41dA8a8fFAff2Cc70be](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2171E6d3B7964fA9654Ce41dA8a8fFAff2Cc70be#code), [0x4634e74d04992BDd5192Cd75897CbD432971aAB6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4634e74d04992BDd5192Cd75897CbD432971aAB6#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

The main entry point to deposit ERC20 tokens from host chain to this chain.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV

All supported tokens in this escrow are included in the value secured calculation.

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### L1CrossDomainMessenger

Addresses: [0x899F07862D3A03F70E07b7f01183934b485d2e97](https://etherscan.io/address/0x899F07862D3A03F70E07b7f01183934b485d2e97#code), [0x21971eCC803C30A181ee111803253C869083baF1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x21971eCC803C30A181ee111803253C869083baF1#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:07 UTC, deployment of [L1CrossDomainMessenger](https://etherscan.io/address/0x899F07862D3A03F70E07b7f01183934b485d2e97#code): transaction [0x18124dec0d690b8070dc4f7a465bd3fa4da20624e726077230504fbe284dd411](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x18124dec0d690b8070dc4f7a465bd3fa4da20624e726077230504fbe284dd411), implementations: [0x21971eCC803C30A181ee111803253C869083baF1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x21971eCC803C30A181ee111803253C869083baF1#code)

Sends messages from host chain to this chain, and relays messages back onto host chain. In the event that a message sent from host chain to this chain is rejected for exceeding this chain's epoch gas limit, it can be resubmitted via this contract's replay function.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### L1ERC721Bridge

Addresses: [0xd4C83D93c6fAE3E0804B785F9Cf465BE95449D04](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd4C83D93c6fAE3E0804B785F9Cf465BE95449D04#code), [0xcD8f943e7d506cD92dE582Ac5065dE718E568580](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcD8f943e7d506cD92dE582Ac5065dE718E568580#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:06 UTC, deployment of [L1ERC721Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd4C83D93c6fAE3E0804B785F9Cf465BE95449D04#code): transaction [0x6d78b2810917cff9e25fa59661d3700154876bd1e70ff9887cfc8862eeac2ac9](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6d78b2810917cff9e25fa59661d3700154876bd1e70ff9887cfc8862eeac2ac9), implementations: [0xcD8f943e7d506cD92dE582Ac5065dE718E568580](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcD8f943e7d506cD92dE582Ac5065dE718E568580#code)

Used to bridge ERC-721 tokens from host chain to this chain.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### OptimismMintableERC20Factory

Addresses: [0x0407af506d86bFA5e401099b2fC2355590638f19](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0407af506d86bFA5e401099b2fC2355590638f19#code), [0x3FAe8259417036C02156DF91BdaF9d8F0ae5551f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3FAe8259417036C02156DF91BdaF9d8F0ae5551f#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:06 UTC, deployment of [OptimismMintableERC20Factory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0407af506d86bFA5e401099b2fC2355590638f19#code): transaction [0x1d7aab4c1ea1fedbcee0d9b737149bb551b8f621b2fe4ce8222fe3d34359c155](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x1d7aab4c1ea1fedbcee0d9b737149bb551b8f621b2fe4ce8222fe3d34359c155), implementations: [0x3FAe8259417036C02156DF91BdaF9d8F0ae5551f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3FAe8259417036C02156DF91BdaF9d8F0ae5551f#code)

A helper contract that generates OptimismMintableERC20 contracts on the network it's deployed to. OptimismMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed to allow the L1StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to use an OptimismMintableERC20 as this chain's representation of a token on the host chain, or vice-versa.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### AnchorStateRegistry

Addresses: [0x4deC2aA521108d78d983c0c12656c6CF8631F2ED](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4deC2aA521108d78d983c0c12656c6CF8631F2ED#code), [0xE5a698154470AF2626b27fEecb684F8fb265F2E0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE5a698154470AF2626b27fEecb684F8fb265F2E0#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:08 UTC, deployment of [AnchorStateRegistry](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4deC2aA521108d78d983c0c12656c6CF8631F2ED#code): transaction [0x471f2f867ef5c389027fcb43bb83162a2aa4af482029a0f4c45c3db2765b0134](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x471f2f867ef5c389027fcb43bb83162a2aa4af482029a0f4c45c3db2765b0134), implementations: [0xE5a698154470AF2626b27fEecb684F8fb265F2E0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE5a698154470AF2626b27fEecb684F8fb265F2E0#code)

Contains the latest confirmed state root that can be used as a starting point in a dispute game.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### PreimageOracle

Addresses: [0x5B9bEf4d8C36FB013c70d0A6F455807c6BD5270b](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5B9bEf4d8C36FB013c70d0A6F455807c6BD5270b#code)

The PreimageOracle contract is used to load the required data from L1 for a dispute game.

#### MIPS

Addresses: [0x7447b25b91336127042CC6899B2C15668a1Ab8BA](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7447b25b91336127042CC6899B2C15668a1Ab8BA#code)

The MIPS contract is used to execute the final step of the dispute game which objectively determines the winner of the dispute.

#### ProxyAdmin

Addresses: [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code)

- Roles:
  - **owner**: NXV

#### DelayedWETH (0xBb70…d26D)

Addresses: [0xBb70D595147A141e268532BFEF61A8c25054d26D](https://etherscan.io/address/0xBb70D595147A141e268532BFEF61A8c25054d26D#code), [0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:08 UTC, deployment of [DelayedWETH](https://etherscan.io/address/0xBb70D595147A141e268532BFEF61A8c25054d26D#code): transaction [0xe2e1492dc5adea04088b786ca327df8addc15e95b1714c442dc9aee0b96da2ea](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe2e1492dc5adea04088b786ca327df8addc15e95b1714c442dc9aee0b96da2ea), implementations: [0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8#code)

Contract designed to hold the bonded ETH for each game. It is designed as a wrapper around WETH to allow an owner to function as a backstop if a game would incorrectly distribute funds.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV
  - **owner**: Hashkey Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### FaultDisputeGame

Addresses: [0xC3E7f3606aeAC543bD268a637c6847E92d69B8aA](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC3E7f3606aeAC543bD268a637c6847E92d69B8aA#code)

Logic of the dispute game. When a state root is proposed, a dispute game contract is deployed. Challengers can use such contracts to challenge the proposed state root.

#### DelayedWETH (0xd9c3…f6fe)

Addresses: [0xd9c31D15f2c649e525C2574bC025b3CAafAaf6fe](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd9c31D15f2c649e525C2574bC025b3CAafAaf6fe#code), [0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:08 UTC, deployment of [DelayedWETH](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd9c31D15f2c649e525C2574bC025b3CAafAaf6fe#code): transaction [0x7ac81f23f33c8fd25cb3c9bb918ced8f032989fdfdbfd98c7ac23f1735ae397f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x7ac81f23f33c8fd25cb3c9bb918ced8f032989fdfdbfd98c7ac23f1735ae397f), implementations: [0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB8566D805b8DD2E2EC41542A2dc4Af96855f75d8#code)

Contract designed to hold the bonded ETH for each game. It is designed as a wrapper around WETH to allow an owner to function as a backstop if a game would incorrectly distribute funds.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV
  - **owner**: Hashkey Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

#### PermissionedDisputeGame

Addresses: [0xE38135e20BA018a5542C83De258d80d6883Da8A3](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE38135e20BA018a5542C83De258d80d6883Da8A3#code)

Same as FaultDisputeGame, but only two permissioned addresses are designated as proposer and challenger.

**Warning:** There are impactful changes to the following contracts, and part of the information might be outdated.

#### OptimismPortal2 (escrow, impactful change)

Addresses: [0xe7Aa79B59CAc06F9706D896a047fEb9d3BDA8bD3](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe7Aa79B59CAc06F9706D896a047fEb9d3BDA8bD3#code), [0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7986eD289935A0F47FC434C00cDE309fE2c51f1C#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2024-12-16 11:05 UTC, deployment of [OptimismPortal2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe7Aa79B59CAc06F9706D896a047fEb9d3BDA8bD3#code): transaction [0xa75dfc34e3c0c1cc441a5b6de207082bc8f639d7fc3d65558344b0f92785ac32](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa75dfc34e3c0c1cc441a5b6de207082bc8f639d7fc3d65558344b0f92785ac32), implementations: [0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x18A7868ECe35A45aC9138108E5b6e021aD1038d1#code)

The OptimismPortal contract is the main entry point to deposit funds from L1 to L2. It also allows to prove and finalize withdrawals. It specifies which game type can be used for withdrawals, which currently is the PermissionedDisputeGame.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately NXV

The following tokens are included in the value secured calculation: ETH, HSK

Can be upgraded by: NXV with no delay

The current deployment carries some associated risks:

- Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL).

### Program Hashes

#### OP absolute prestate v1.3.1

A commitment to the initial state of the OP stack fault proof program.

- Hash: `0x038512e02c4c3f7bdaec27d00edf55b7155e0905301e1a88083e4e0a6764d54c`
- Repository: https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/op-node/v1.3.1/op-program/client
- Verification: successful
- Used in: [Ronin](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ronin-network), [HashKey Chain](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/hashkey), [Silent Data](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/silentdata)

##### Verification steps

Steps are based on [this guide](https://docs.optimism.io/chain-operators/tutorials/absolute-prestate).

1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/) and make sure it is running.
2. Check out the correct branch of [optimism](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism) repo: `git checkout op-program/v1.3.1` . Commit hash should be `e3c2f046c2d7103c765cbd47e949a284e511a47d`.
3. Regenerate the absolute prestate: `make reproducible-prestate`. This script will print out the correct hash.