# Ink Markdown version of https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink ## Summary **Warning:** There are impactful changes and part of the information might be outdated. - Total Value Secured: $425.67 M (-0.68% compared to seven days ago; canonically bridged $61.85 M, natively minted $0.00, externally bridged $363.81 M; 85.4% with additional trust assumptions compared to the tokens involved and the Stage assigned to the project's canonical messaging bridge) - Past day UOPS: 4.90 (-41.1% compared to seven days ago) - Stage: Stage 1 - Gas token: ETH - Type: Optimistic Rollup - Purpose: Universal - Host chain: Ethereum - Chain ID: 57073 ### Risks - Sequencer failure: Self sequence (sentiment: good) - State validation: Fraud proofs (INT) (sentiment: good) - Data availability: Onchain (sentiment: good) - Exit window: None (sentiment: bad) - Proposer failure: Self propose (sentiment: good) ### About Ink is an Optimistic Rollup built with the OP Stack by Kraken exchange. ## Value Secured Shown as an interactive chart or widget on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink#tvs). - [TVS chart (JSON)](https://l2beat.com/api/scaling/tvs/ink) - [TVS breakdown by token (JSON)](https://l2beat.com/api/scaling/tvs/ink/breakdown) ## Volume and flows Shown as an interactive chart or widget on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink#interop-flows). ## Activity Shown as an interactive chart or widget on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink#activity). - [Activity chart (JSON)](https://l2beat.com/api/scaling/activity/ink) ## Onchain costs Shown as an interactive chart or widget on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink#onchain-costs). ## Data posted Shown as an interactive chart or widget on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink#data-posted). ## Liveness Shown as an interactive chart or widget on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink#liveness). ## Milestones & Incidents - 2025-01-22: [Ink becomes Stage 1](https://app.blocksec.com/explorer/tx/eth/0x20fdc1a418ba706e35ade3a2bf1e4c9198c3c62e79d1b688fd951b900d065c27). ## Risk summary ### Funds can be stolen if 1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. Both regular and emergency upgrades must be approved by both the Security Council and the Foundation. There is no delay on regular upgrades. ### MEV can be extracted if 2. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions. ## Risk analysis ### Sequencer failure Self sequence (sentiment: good) In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 12h delay on this operation. ### State validation Fraud proofs (INT) (sentiment: good) Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. ### Data availability Onchain (sentiment: good) All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1. ### Exit window None (sentiment: bad) There is no exit window for users to exit in case of unwanted upgrades as they are initiated by the Security Council with instant upgrade power and without proper notice. ### Proposer failure Self propose (sentiment: good) Anyone can be a Proposer and propose new roots to the L1 bridge. ## Stage Ink is a Stage 1 Optimistic Rollup. ### Scope of assessment #### In scope - L1 core contracts - L2 core contracts - Gas token - Derivation logic spec - Source code to program hash mapping #### Not in scope - Source code implementation of the spec - Sequencer policy - Non-gas tokens ### Stage 0 - [x] A complete and functional proof system is deployed. - [x] There are at least 5 external actors who can submit fraud proofs. - [x] The project calls itself a rollup. - [x] State roots are posted to Ethereum L1. - [x] Inputs for the state transition function are posted to Ethereum L1. - [x] A source-available node exists that can recreate the state from Ethereum L1 data. Please note that the L2BEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code. [View code](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/op-node) ### Stage 1 - [x] Principle: Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council is the only way (other than bugs) for a rollup to indefinitely block an L2→L1 message (e.g. a withdrawal) or push an invalid L2→L1 message (e.g. an invalid withdrawal) with a <7d exit window. - [x] Users are able to exit without the help of the permissioned operators. - [x] In case of an unwanted upgrade by actors more centralized than a Security Council, users have at least 7d to exit. - [x] The Security Council is properly set up. - [x] The sources of all programs used are public and program hashes can be independently regenerated. ### Stage 2 - [x] Fraud proof submission is open to everyone. - [ ] Upgrades unrelated to onchain provable bugs provide less than 30d to exit. - [ ] The Security Council's actions are not confined to onchain provable bugs. ## Data availability ### All data required for proofs is published on chain All the data that is used to construct the system state is published on chain in the form of cheap blobs or calldata. This ensures that it will be available for enough time. **References** - [Derivation: Batch submission - OP Mainnet specs](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/main/specs/protocol/derivation.md#batch-submission) - [BatchInbox - address](https://etherscan.io/address/0x005969bf0EcbF6eDB6C47E5e94693b1C3651Be97#code) - [OptimismPortal2.sol - source code, depositTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe89F13c5ee4033B2D3cD76C9d6958eFBfe26D3C2#code) ## State derivation ### Node software The rollup node is composed of two software components: [op-node](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/op-node), implementing consensus related logic, and [op-geth](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/op-geth), implementing execution logic. The configuration file can be found [here](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/superchain-registry/blob/main/superchain/configs/mainnet/ink.toml). ### Compression scheme Data batches are compressed using the [zlib](https://github.com/madler/zlib) algorithm with best compression level. ### Genesis state The genesis file can be found [here](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/superchain-registry/blob/main/superchain/extra/genesis/mainnet/ink.json.zst). ### Data format The format specification of Sequencer's data batches can be found [here](https://optimism.io/blog/here-s-how-you-can-reproduce-op-mainnet-s-migration-to-bedrock). ## State validation Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by anyone who has sufficient funds. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals. ### State root proposals Proposers submit state roots as children of the latest confirmed state root (called anchor state), by calling the `create` function in the DisputeGameFactory. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. Each proposal requires a stake, currently set to 0.08 ETH, that can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. Stakes can be withdrawn only after the proposal has been confirmed. A state root gets confirmed if the challenge period has passed and it is not countered. **References** - [OP stack specification: Fault Dispute Game](https://specs.optimism.io/fault-proof/stage-one/fault-dispute-game.html#fault-dispute-game) ### Challenges Challenges are opened to disprove invalid state roots using bisection games. Each bisection move requires a stake that increases expontentially with the depth of the bisection, with a factor of 1.09493. The maximum depth is 73, and reaching it therefore requires a cumulative stake of 691.23 ETH from depth 0. Actors can participate in any challenge by calling the `defend` or `attack` functions, depending whether they agree or disagree with the latest claim and want to move the bisection game forward. Actors that disagree with the top-level claim are called challengers, and actors that agree are called defenders. Each actor might be involved in multiple (sub-)challenges at the same time, meaning that the protocol operates with [full concurrency](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a). Challengers and defenders alternate in the bisection game, and they pass each other a clock that starts with 3d 12h. If a clock expires, the claim is considered defeated if it was countered, or it gets confirmed if uncountered. Since honest parties can inherit clocks from malicious parties that play both as challengers and defenders (see [freeloader claims](https://specs.optimism.io/fault-proof/stage-one/fault-dispute-game.html#freeloader-claims)), an inherited clock with too little time remaining is generally extended by 3h. The extension is 6h when the next claim is immediately before split depth 30, and 1d 3h (the standard extension plus the 1d oracle challenge period) immediately before the last depth. Along a full-depth path, cumulative extensions can therefore add up to 10d 3h. Since unconfirmed state roots are independent of one another, users can decide to exit with a subsequent confirmed state root if the previous one is delayed. Winners get the entire losers' stake, meaning that sybils can potentially play against each other at no cost. The final instruction found via the bisection game is then executed onchain in the MIPS one step prover contract who determines the winner. The protocol does not enforce valid bisections, meaning that actors can propose correct initial claims and then provide incorrect midpoints. The protocol can be subject to resource exhaustion attacks ([Spearbit 5.1.3](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/docs/security-reviews/2024_08_Fault-Proofs-No-MIPS_Spearbit.pdf)). **References** - [Fraud Proof Wars: OPFP](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a) ## Upgrades & Governance ## Updates Shown as an interactive chart or widget on [the HTML page](https://l2beat.com/layer2s/projects/ink#updates). ## Operator ### The system has a centralized operator The operator is the only entity that can propose blocks. A live and trustworthy operator is vital to the health of the system. **Risks** - MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions. ### Users can force any transaction Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly. **References** - [Sequencing Window - OP Mainnet Specs](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/51eeb76efeb32b3df3e978f311188aa29f5e3e94/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-window) - [OptimismPortal2.sol - source code, depositTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe89F13c5ee4033B2D3cD76C9d6958eFBfe26D3C2#code) ## Withdrawals ### Regular exits The user initiates the withdrawal by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When a state root containing such transaction is settled, the funds become available for withdrawal on L1 after 3d 12h. Withdrawal inclusion can be proven before state root settlement, but a 7d period has to pass before it becomes actionable. The process of state root settlement takes a challenge period of at least 3d 12h to complete. Finally the user submits an L1 transaction to claim the funds. This transaction requires a merkle proof. **References** - [OptimismPortal2.sol - Etherscan source code, proveWithdrawalTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe89F13c5ee4033B2D3cD76C9d6958eFBfe26D3C2#code) - [OptimismPortal2.sol - Etherscan source code, finalizeWithdrawalTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe89F13c5ee4033B2D3cD76C9d6958eFBfe26D3C2#code) ### Forced messaging If the user experiences censorship from the operator with regular L2->L1 messaging they can submit their messages directly on L1. The system is then obliged to service this request or halt all messages, including forced withdrawals from L1 and regular messages initiated on L2. Once the force operation is submitted and if the request is serviced, the operation follows the flow of a regular message. **References** - [Forced withdrawal from an OP Stack blockchain](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/forced-transaction) ## Other considerations ### EVM compatible smart contracts are supported OP stack chains are pursuing the EVM Equivalence model. No changes to smart contracts are required regardless of the language they are written in, i.e. anything deployed on L1 can be deployed on L2. **References** - [Introducing EVM Equivalence](https://medium.com/ethereum-optimism/introducing-evm-equivalence-5c2021deb306) ## Permissions ### Ethereum #### Actors ##### SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Addresses: [0x5a0Aae59D09fccBdDb6C6CcEB07B7279367C3d2A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5a0Aae59D09fccBdDb6C6CcEB07B7279367C3d2A) A Multisig with 2/2 threshold. * Can upgrade **with no delay** * DisputeGameFactory [via: ProxyAdmin] * DelayedWETH [via: ProxyAdmin] * OptimismPortal2 [via: ProxyAdmin] * SystemConfig [via: ProxyAdmin] * L1ERC721Bridge [via: ProxyAdmin] * L1CrossDomainMessenger [via: ProxyAdmin] * L1StandardBridge [via: ProxyAdmin] * SuperchainConfig [via: SuperchainProxyAdmin] * OptimismMintableERC20Factory [via: ProxyAdmin] * ETHLockbox [via: ProxyAdmin] * AnchorStateRegistry [via: ProxyAdmin] * Can interact with AddressManager * set and change address mappings [via: ProxyAdmin] * Can interact with AddressManager * set and change address mappings [via: SuperchainProxyAdmin] ##### OpFoundationUpgradeSafe Addresses: [0x847B5c174615B1B7fDF770882256e2D3E95b9D92](https://etherscan.io/address/0x847B5c174615B1B7fDF770882256e2D3E95b9D92) A Multisig with 5/7 threshold. It uses the following modules: SaferSafes (A Gnosis Safe module combining LivenessModule and TimelockGuard. Provides liveness checks where a fallback owner can challenge and take over if Safe owners are unresponsive, plus optional timelock delays for transaction scheduling). Member of SuperchainProxyAdminOwner. * Can interact with SystemConfig * it can update the preconfer address, the batch submitter (Sequencer) address and the gas configuration of the system * Can interact with SuperchainConfig * Allowed to pause withdrawals. In op stack systems with a proof system, the Guardian can also blacklist dispute games and set the respected game type (permissioned / permissionless) [via: LivenessModule if the number of Optimism Security Council members falls below 8 → Optimism Security Council → Optimism Guardian Multisig] ##### SaferSafes Addresses: [0xA8447329e52F64AED2bFc9E7a2506F7D369f483a](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA8447329e52F64AED2bFc9E7a2506F7D369f483a) A Gnosis Safe module combining LivenessModule and TimelockGuard. Provides liveness checks where a fallback owner can challenge and take over if Safe owners are unresponsive, plus optional timelock delays for transaction scheduling. * Can interact with SystemConfig * it can update the preconfer address, the batch submitter (Sequencer) address and the gas configuration of the system [via: OpFoundationUpgradeSafe] * Can interact with SuperchainConfig * Allowed to pause withdrawals. In op stack systems with a proof system, the Guardian can also blacklist dispute games and set the respected game type (permissioned / permissionless) [via: OpFoundationUpgradeSafe → LivenessModule if the number of Optimism Security Council members falls below 8 → Optimism Security Council → Optimism Guardian Multisig] ##### Optimism Security Council Addresses: [0xc2819DC788505Aac350142A7A707BF9D03E3Bd03](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc2819DC788505Aac350142A7A707BF9D03E3Bd03) A Multisig with 10/13 threshold. It uses the following modules: LivenessModule (used to remove members inactive for 3mo 8d while making sure that the threshold remains above 75%. If the number of members falls below 8, the OpFoundationUpgradeSafe takes ownership of the multisig). Member of Optimism Guardian Multisig, SuperchainProxyAdminOwner. * Can interact with SuperchainConfig * Allowed to pause withdrawals. In op stack systems with a proof system, the Guardian can also blacklist dispute games and set the respected game type (permissioned / permissionless) [via: Optimism Guardian Multisig] ##### LivenessGuard Addresses: [0x24424336F04440b1c28685a38303aC33C9D14a25](https://etherscan.io/address/0x24424336F04440b1c28685a38303aC33C9D14a25) Modular contract to be used together with the LivenessModule. Tracks liveness / activity of Safe owners. * Can interact with LivenessModule * can remove members of Optimism Security Council inactive for 3mo 8d ##### Optimism Guardian Multisig Addresses: [0x09f7150D8c019BeF34450d6920f6B3608ceFdAf2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x09f7150D8c019BeF34450d6920f6B3608ceFdAf2) A Multisig with 1/1 threshold. It uses the following modules: DeputyPauseModule (Allows 0x2fA150379bF32b6d79Eeb4ff9bD280E76049a87c, called the deputy pauser, to act on behalf of the OpFoundationUpgradeSafe if set as its Safe module). ##### OpFoundationOperationsSafe Addresses: [0x9BA6e03D8B90dE867373Db8cF1A58d2F7F006b3A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9BA6e03D8B90dE867373Db8cF1A58d2F7F006b3A) A Multisig with 5/7 threshold. It uses the following modules: SaferSafes (A Gnosis Safe module combining LivenessModule and TimelockGuard. Provides liveness checks where a fallback owner can challenge and take over if Safe owners are unresponsive, plus optional timelock delays for transaction scheduling). ##### EOA 1 Addresses: [0x6db6161fC5662450E801398Bad62dD9921216B98](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6db6161fC5662450E801398Bad62dD9921216B98) * Can interact with SystemConfig * Allowed to commit transactions from the current layer to the host chain ##### Optimism EOA 1 Addresses: [0x2fA150379bF32b6d79Eeb4ff9bD280E76049a87c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2fA150379bF32b6d79Eeb4ff9bD280E76049a87c) * Can interact with SuperchainConfig * Allowed to pause withdrawals. In op stack systems with a proof system, the Guardian can also blacklist dispute games and set the respected game type (permissioned / permissionless) [via: DeputyPauseModule though restricted to the SuperchainConfig's `pause()` function → Optimism Guardian Multisig] ### Ink #### Actors ##### SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Addresses: [0x6B1BAE59D09fCcbdDB6C6cceb07B7279367C4E3b](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x6B1BAE59D09fCcbdDB6C6cceb07B7279367C4E3b) * Can upgrade **with no delay** * L2CrossDomainMessenger [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * GasPriceOracle [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * L2StandardBridge [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * SequencerFeeVault [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * OptimismMintableERC20Factory [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * L1BlockNumber [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * L2ERC721Bridge [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * L1Block [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * L2ToL1MessagePasser [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * OptimismMintableERC721Factory [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * L2ProxyAdmin [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * BaseFeeVault [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * L1FeeVault [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * SchemaRegistry [via: L2ProxyAdmin] * EAS [via: L2ProxyAdmin] ## Smart contracts ### Ethereum #### DisputeGameFactory Addresses: [0x10d7B35078d3baabB96Dd45a9143B94be65b12CD](https://etherscan.io/address/0x10d7B35078d3baabB96Dd45a9143B94be65b12CD#code), [0x72B971717E088B59F26d4236BE222ADB6ACD393b](https://etherscan.io/address/0x72B971717E088B59F26d4236BE222ADB6ACD393b#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) The dispute game factory allows the creation of dispute games, used to propose state roots and eventually challenge them. This variant exposes per-type reads only; the legacy array views (gameImpls[], initBonds[]) were removed in the new implementation. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### OptimismPortal2 Addresses: [0x5d66C1782664115999C47c9fA5cd031f495D3e4F](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5d66C1782664115999C47c9fA5cd031f495D3e4F#code), [0xe89F13c5ee4033B2D3cD76C9d6958eFBfe26D3C2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe89F13c5ee4033B2D3cD76C9d6958eFBfe26D3C2#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) The OptimismPortal contract is the main entry point to deposit funds from L1 to L2. It also allows to prove and finalize withdrawals. It specifies which game type can be used for withdrawals, which currently is the FaultDisputeGame. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### SystemConfig Addresses: [0x62C0a111929fA32ceC2F76aDba54C16aFb6E8364](https://etherscan.io/address/0x62C0a111929fA32ceC2F76aDba54C16aFb6E8364#code), [0x42Ad0173051225Ac784100e9acD43349707F4db9](https://etherscan.io/address/0x42Ad0173051225Ac784100e9acD43349707F4db9#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) Contains configuration parameters such as the Sequencer address, gas limit on this chain and the unsafe block signer address. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner * **batcherHash**: EOA 1 * **owner**: OpFoundationUpgradeSafe; ultimately SaferSafes Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### SuperchainConfig Addresses: [0x95703e0982140D16f8ebA6d158FccEde42f04a4C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x95703e0982140D16f8ebA6d158FccEde42f04a4C#code), [0xE4F9779ab53070a55db24dFAeFf9AF147c6ED550](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE4F9779ab53070a55db24dFAeFf9AF147c6ED550#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x543bA4AADBAb8f9025686Bd03993043599c6fB04](https://etherscan.io/address/0x543bA4AADBAb8f9025686Bd03993043599c6fB04#code) (Admin) Used to manage global configuration values for multiple OP Chains within a single Superchain network. The SuperchainConfig contract manages individual pause states for each chain connected to it, as well as a global pause state for all chains. The guardian role can pause either separately, but each pause expires after 3 months if left untouched. * Roles: * **admin**: SuperchainProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner * **guardian**: Optimism Guardian Multisig; ultimately OpFoundationUpgradeSafe, Optimism EOA 1, Optimism Security Council, SaferSafes Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### L1ERC721Bridge Addresses: [0x661235a238B11191211fa95D4Dd9E423d521E0Be](https://etherscan.io/address/0x661235a238B11191211fa95D4Dd9E423d521E0Be#code), [0x9F164f1d02A81e06D639E55F65a87f0070E3Cb2e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9F164f1d02A81e06D639E55F65a87f0070E3Cb2e#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) Used to bridge ERC-721 tokens from host chain to this chain. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### L1CrossDomainMessenger Addresses: [0x69d3Cf86B2Bf1a9e99875B7e2D9B6a84426c171f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x69d3Cf86B2Bf1a9e99875B7e2D9B6a84426c171f#code), [0x59D497530b00062f40950ba8EaB88868bf7F86f0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x59D497530b00062f40950ba8EaB88868bf7F86f0#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) Sends messages from host chain to this chain, and relays messages back onto host chain. In the event that a message sent from host chain to this chain is rejected for exceeding this chain's epoch gas limit, it can be resubmitted via this contract's replay function. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### L1StandardBridge Addresses: [0x88FF1e5b602916615391F55854588EFcBB7663f0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x88FF1e5b602916615391F55854588EFcBB7663f0#code), [0xB37a11AadF167B2F0b8dD85372De4bC66CD4A891](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB37a11AadF167B2F0b8dD85372De4bC66CD4A891#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) The main entry point to deposit ERC20 tokens from host chain to this chain. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### LivenessModule Addresses: [0x0454092516c9A4d636d3CAfA1e82161376C8a748](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0454092516c9A4d636d3CAfA1e82161376C8a748#code) used to remove members inactive for 3mo 8d while making sure that the threshold remains above 75%. If the number of members falls below 8, the OpFoundationUpgradeSafe takes ownership of the multisig * Roles: * **fallbackOwner**: OpFoundationUpgradeSafe if the number of Optimism Security Council members falls below 8 * **livenessGuard**: LivenessGuard #### PreimageOracle Addresses: [0x1E1d73536A081Ef2F355d29794547a9770Aeb1E0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1E1d73536A081Ef2F355d29794547a9770Aeb1E0#code) The PreimageOracle contract is used to load the required data from L1 for a dispute game. #### FaultDisputeGame Addresses: [0x2DDA3584b51eF5236f7726Dea5A0FB6B3cA94AeC](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2DDA3584b51eF5236f7726Dea5A0FB6B3cA94AeC#code) Logic of the dispute game. When a state root is proposed, a dispute game contract is deployed. Challengers can use such contracts to challenge the proposed state root. #### SuperchainProxyAdmin Addresses: [0x543bA4AADBAb8f9025686Bd03993043599c6fB04](https://etherscan.io/address/0x543bA4AADBAb8f9025686Bd03993043599c6fB04#code) * Roles: * **owner**: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner #### DelayedWETH Addresses: [0x57b4C29DAee99a28E6E86778b499361294c134eA](https://etherscan.io/address/0x57b4C29DAee99a28E6E86778b499361294c134eA#code), [0xE440CC08A71694C8229323803F59024E3144630e](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE440CC08A71694C8229323803F59024E3144630e#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) Contract designed to hold the bonded ETH for each game. It is designed as a wrapper around WETH to allow an owner to function as a backstop if a game would incorrectly distribute funds. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### DeputyPauseModule Addresses: [0x76fC2F971FB355D0453cF9F64d3F9E4f640E1754](https://etherscan.io/address/0x76fC2F971FB355D0453cF9F64d3F9E4f640E1754#code) Allows 0x2fA150379bF32b6d79Eeb4ff9bD280E76049a87c, called the deputy pauser, to act on behalf of the OpFoundationUpgradeSafe if set as its Safe module. * Roles: * **deputy**: Optimism EOA 1 though restricted to the SuperchainConfig's `pause()` function #### OptimismMintableERC20Factory Addresses: [0xA8B389A82e088b164cD03230e900980CcED34d29](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA8B389A82e088b164cD03230e900980CcED34d29#code), [0xaAbEA75Da509fA518Fd8a91Eae4BE5813B829b12](https://etherscan.io/address/0xaAbEA75Da509fA518Fd8a91Eae4BE5813B829b12#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) A helper contract that generates OptimismMintableERC20 contracts on the network it's deployed to. OptimismMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed to allow the L1StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to use an OptimismMintableERC20 as this chain's representation of a token on the host chain, or vice-versa. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### MIPS Addresses: [0xaCc005DCd857B401e4732E6F7837135A22825cfA](https://etherscan.io/address/0xaCc005DCd857B401e4732E6F7837135A22825cfA#code) The MIPS contract is used to execute the final step of the dispute game which objectively determines the winner of the dispute. #### ETHLockbox Addresses: [0xbd4AbB321138e8Eddc399cE64E66451294325a14](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbd4AbB321138e8Eddc399cE64E66451294325a14#code), [0xb3A24DB07038b51962026329B62E7a965d56A6ad](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb3A24DB07038b51962026329B62E7a965d56A6ad#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) A simple escrow contract storing ETH for the canonical bridge. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay #### ProxyAdmin Addresses: [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) * Roles: * **owner**: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner #### PermissionedDisputeGame Addresses: [0xe1dFFCBE4e22B813F26d2106D943C102e7cAb87e](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe1dFFCBE4e22B813F26d2106D943C102e7cAb87e#code) Same as FaultDisputeGame, but only two permissioned addresses are designated as proposer and challenger. #### AnchorStateRegistry Addresses: [0xEe018bAf058227872540AC60eFbd38b023d9dAe2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xEe018bAf058227872540AC60eFbd38b023d9dAe2#code), [0x8F40Cc98D694AB986F026C5383A181FCc9B6B281](https://etherscan.io/address/0x8F40Cc98D694AB986F026C5383A181FCc9B6B281#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd56045E68956FCe2576E680c95a4750cf8241f79#code) (Admin) Contains the latest confirmed state root that can be used as a starting point in a dispute game. This variant stores respectedGameType, retirementTimestamp, and disputeGameFinalityDelaySeconds locally and drops the legacy *FromGame fields, since the AggregateVerifier model does not expose vm()/weth()/absolutePrestate() on its game implementation. * Roles: * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner with no delay ### Ink #### L2CrossDomainMessenger Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007#code), [0x250AF3f400cf8Aac8D410c90f1ba3968dD87DF96](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x250AF3f400cf8Aac8D410c90f1ba3968dD87DF96#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) The L2CrossDomainMessenger (L2xDM) contract sends messages from L2 to L1, and relays messages from L1 onto L2 with a system tx. In the event that a message sent from L2 to L1 is rejected for exceeding the L1 gas limit, it can be resubmitted via this contract’s replay function. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### GasPriceOracle Addresses: [0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000F](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000F#code), [0x547d0fba434877D7237d511cF87FABe2ee26b152](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x547d0fba434877D7237d511cF87FABe2ee26b152#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Provides the current gas price for L2 transactions. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### L2StandardBridge Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000010](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000010#code), [0xAE9ed42f43a3ee45c3A9dEf8ae6B48cBb58Ed1a1](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xAE9ed42f43a3ee45c3A9dEf8ae6B48cBb58Ed1a1#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) The L2StandardBridge contract is the main entry point to deposit or withdraw ERC20 tokens from L2 to L1. This contract can store any token. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### SequencerFeeVault Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011#code), [0xb178cdAa8336f25624A63C049EdB5AF7ca36C2dA](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xb178cdAa8336f25624A63C049EdB5AF7ca36C2dA#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Collects the sequencer fees, which are withdrawable to the FeesCollector on L1. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### OptimismMintableERC20Factory Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000012](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000012#code), [0xAF87f2Fd347aCb94656f9F715B4f2409B98e75b9](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xAF87f2Fd347aCb94656f9F715B4f2409B98e75b9#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) A helper contract that generates OptimismMintableERC20 contracts on the network it's deployed to. OptimismMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed to allow the L1StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to use an OptimismMintableERC20 as this chain's representation of a token on the host chain, or vice-versa. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### L1BlockNumber Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000013](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000013#code), [0xC0D3C0d3C0D3c0D3C0d3c0D3C0d3c0d3C0d30013](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xC0D3C0d3C0D3c0D3C0d3c0D3C0d3c0d3C0d30013#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Simple contract that returns the latest L1 block number. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### L2ERC721Bridge Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000014](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000014#code), [0x716eAd0Cf3e7FF86A02D4F8cb41a6D14922fA833](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x716eAd0Cf3e7FF86A02D4F8cb41a6D14922fA833#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) The L2ERC721Bridge contract is the main entry point to deposit or withdraw ERC721 tokens from L2 to L1. This contract can store any token. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### L1Block Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000015](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000015#code), [0x6a97C5D55A21265326150Efe12FC30Fb21cbff56](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x6a97C5D55A21265326150Efe12FC30Fb21cbff56#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Simple contract that returns information about the latest L1 block, which is derived permissionlessly from the L1 chain. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### L2ToL1MessagePasser Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000016](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000016#code), [0x27E51B2254433A3284D9ba73Ea551C397DB2a124](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x27E51B2254433A3284D9ba73Ea551C397DB2a124#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Contract used internally by the L2CrossDomainMessenger to send messages to L1, including withdrawals. It can also be used directly as a low-level interface. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### OptimismMintableERC721Factory Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000017](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000017#code), [0xf43862B9d814BB4504158CecCB0b74b31265e4eE](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xf43862B9d814BB4504158CecCB0b74b31265e4eE#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Factory contract to create bridge compliant ERC721 IOU token representations of bridged L1 ERC721 tokens. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### L2ProxyAdmin Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code), [0x893c2CEEb71D38514daF67728d3Ff1b213FC4B5F](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x893c2CEEb71D38514daF67728d3Ff1b213FC4B5F#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Administration contract for the L2 predeploy proxies. Adds upgradePredeploys(address), which can only be called by the system depositor account and delegatecalls an L2ContractsManager to upgrade every predeploy in a single network upgrade transaction. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias * **owner**: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### BaseFeeVault Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000019](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000019#code), [0xf7bed7215EEF1003fac426682Cf2edeb958569f7](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xf7bed7215EEF1003fac426682Cf2edeb958569f7#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Collects EIP-1559 base fees, which are withdrawable to the FeesCollector on L1. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### L1FeeVault Addresses: [0x420000000000000000000000000000000000001A](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x420000000000000000000000000000000000001A#code), [0xf7bed7215EEF1003fac426682Cf2edeb958569f7](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xf7bed7215EEF1003fac426682Cf2edeb958569f7#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Collects the L1 portion of the L2 transaction fees, which are withdrawable to the FeesCollector on L1. * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### SchemaRegistry Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000020](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000020#code), [0x70DE55BC0bfBC52C5D0CCA1DA5816c2428886A34](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x70DE55BC0bfBC52C5D0CCA1DA5816c2428886A34#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Contracts to register schemas for the Ethereum Attestation Service (EAS). * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay #### EAS Addresses: [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000021](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000021#code), [0xbEc660b456B84A081E90aF29BE43385BDa5bF7b6](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0xbEc660b456B84A081E90aF29BE43385BDa5bF7b6#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018](https://explorer.inkonchain.com/address/0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018#code) (Admin) Contract containing the main logic for the Ethereum Attestation Service (EAS). * Roles: * **admin**: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias Can be upgraded by: SuperchainProxyAdminOwner_L2Alias with no delay The current deployment carries some associated risks: - Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. Both regular and emergency upgrades must be approved by both the Security Council and the Foundation. There is no delay on regular upgrades.