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PulseChain
About
Bridge used to transfer assets from Ethereum to PulseChain. Transfers are validated by set of trusted Validators.
About
Bridge used to transfer assets from Ethereum to PulseChain. Transfers are validated by set of trusted Validators.
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Funds can be stolen if
- validators relay a fake message to a destination chain to mint more tokens than there are locked on Ethereum thus preventing some existing holders from being able to bring their funds back to Ethereum (CRITICAL),
- validators relay a fake message to Ethereum chain allowing a user to withdraw tokens from Ethereum escrow when equivalent amount of tokens has not been deposited and burned on destination chain (CRITICAL),
- a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL).
Funds can be frozen if
Users can be censored if
Validation
PulseChain Bridge stores a number of Validators which need to sign off every message coming from the PulseChain. Once quorum of signatures is reached, message (e.g. withdrawal request) can be relayed to a destination contract.
Users can be censored if validators decide to not pass selected messages between chains (CRITICAL).
Funds can be stolen if validators relay a fake message to a destination chain to mint more tokens than there are locked on Ethereum thus preventing some existing holders from being able to bring their funds back to Ethereum (CRITICAL).
Funds can be stolen if validators relay a fake message to Ethereum chain allowing a user to withdraw tokens from Ethereum escrow when equivalent amount of tokens has not been deposited and burned on destination chain (CRITICAL).
Funds can be frozen if validators don't relay messages between chains.
The system uses the following set of permissioned addresses:
Permissioned set of validators that can sign off any arbitrary message from PulseChain including withdrawal request. 5 / 8 signatures are required.
Owner of Validators contract keeping a list of current Validators. Can add/remove Validators.
Owner of the main bridge contract, able to upgrade the contract with no notice.
The system consists of the following smart contracts on the host chain (Ethereum):
Contract managing the list of trusted bridge Validators.
The Auxiliary contract that handles wrapped tokens.
Value Locked is calculated based on these smart contracts and tokens:
The current deployment carries some associated risks:
Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL).