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SummaryValue SecuredMilestones & IncidentsRisk summaryRisk analysisRollup stageData availabilityState derivationState validationOperatorWithdrawalsSmart contracts

Fuel v1 logoFuel v1

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About

Fuel v1 is the first Optimistic Rollup live on Ethereum, supporting payments.

Value secured
$673.6545.8%
Canonically Bridged
$673.65
Natively Minted
$0.00
Externally Bridged
$0.00
View TVS Breakdown
  • Tokens
  • Past day UOPS
    No data
  • 30D ops count
    No data
  • Stage
  • Type
    Optimistic Rollup
  • Purpose
    Payments
    • Sequencer failureState validationData availabilityExit windowProposer failure

    Badges

    About

    Fuel v1 is the first Optimistic Rollup live on Ethereum, supporting payments.

    Value Secured

    2024 May 13 — 2025 May 13

    Total value securedTotal
    $673.6545.8%
    Canonically BridgedCanonically Bridged ValueCanonical
    $673.6545.8%
    Natively MintedNatively Minted TokensNative
    $0.000.00%
    Externally BridgedExternally Bridged ValueExternal
    $0.000.00%
    View TVS breakdown
    Milestones & Incidents

    Fuel v1 is live on Mainnet

    2020 Dec 31st

    First trustless Optimistic Rollup is live on Mainnet.

    Learn more
    Risk summary

    Funds can be frozen if

    1. the operator refuses to include their transactions and users lack resources to propose blocks themselves.

    MEV can be extracted if

    1. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.
    Risk analysis
    Sequencer failureState validationData availabilityExit windowProposer failure
    Sequencer failure
    Self sequence

    In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project’s chain by sending them to L1.

    State validation
    Fraud proofs (1R)

    Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Single round proofs (1R) only require a single transaction to resolve.

    Data availability
    Onchain

    All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.

    Exit window
    ∞

    Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.

    Proposer failure
    Self propose

    Anyone can be a Proposer and propose new roots to the L1 bridge.

    Rollup stageFuel v1Fuel v1 is a
    Stage 2
    Appchain
    Optimistic Rollup.
    In scope

    L1 core contracts

    Gas token

    Not in scope

    Source code implementation of the spec

    Non-gas tokens

    Derivation logic spec

    Rollup operators cannot compromise the system, but being application-specific might bring additional risk.

    Fuel v1 provides the infrastructure to support token transfers and HTLC swaps. Arbitrary contracts are not supported.

    Note:
    We're still in the process of formalizing how to properly integrate appchains in the Stages framework.

    Learn more about Rollup stages
    Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect rollup security, this is an opinionated assessment of rollup maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal.
    Data availability

    All data required for proofs is published onchain

    All the data that is used to construct the system state is published onchain in the form of cheap calldata. This ensures that it will always be available when needed.

    1. Background - Fuel documentation
    Learn more about the DA layer here: Ethereum logoEthereum
    State derivation
    Node software

    The node software source code can be found here.

    Genesis state

    The bridge contracts deployments are the genesis state of the rollup chain. The bridge contracts of mainnet and testnet (rinkeby) deployment block number are available here.

    Data format

    The data format details are documented in the Data Structure subsection here.

    State validation
    Fraud proofs

    After some period of time, the published state root is assumed to be correct. For a certain time period, usually one week anyone can submit a fraud proof that shows that the state was incorrect.

    • Funds can be stolen if there is no one that checks the published state. Fraud proofs assume at least one honest and able validator.

    1. Background - Fuel documentation
    Operator

    The system has a centralized sequencer

    While forcing transaction is open to anyone the system employs a privileged sequencer that has priority for submitting transaction batches and ordering transactions.

    • MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

    1. Architecture: A High-Level View - Fuel documentation
    2. Mainnet deployment parameters - Fuel documentation

    Users can force any transaction

    Because the block production is open to anyone if users experience censorship from the operator they can propose their own blocks which would include their transactions.

    • Funds can be frozen if the operator refuses to include their transactions and users lack resources to propose blocks themselves.

    1. Architecture: A High-Level View - Fuel documentation
    Withdrawals

    Regular exit

    The user initiates the withdrawal by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled the funds become available for withdrawal on L1. The process of settling a block usually takes several days to complete. Finally the user submits an L1 transaction to claim the funds.

    1. Withdraw.yulp#L40 - Fuel documentation
    Smart contracts

    Ethereum

    Fuel 0x6880…fD72

    This contract stores the following tokens: ETH, DAI, USDC, USDT.

    1. Source Code