Linea is a ZK Rollup powered by Consensys zkEVM, designed to scale the Ethereum network.
$735.08 M
3.26%
Linea is a ZK Rollup powered by Consensys zkEVM, designed to scale the Ethereum network.
There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring.
zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.
All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1. Unlike most ZK rollups, transaction data is posted instead of state diffs.
There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted regular upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.
Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
Each update to the system state must be accompanied by a ZK proof that ensures that the new state was derived by correctly applying a series of valid user transactions to the previous state. These proofs are then verified on Ethereum by a smart contract. Operator can finalize L2 state root without proof.
Funds can be stolen if the operator forces and finalizes L2 state root without proof.
Despite their production use zkSNARKs are still new and experimental cryptography. Cryptography has made a lot of advancements in the recent years but all cryptographic solutions rely on time to prove their security. In addition zkSNARKs require a trusted setup to operate.
Funds can be stolen if the cryptography is broken or implemented incorrectly.
All the data that is used to construct the system state is published on chain in the form of cheap blobs or calldata. This ensures that it will be available for enough time.
Each update to the system state must be accompanied by a ZK proof that ensures that the new state was derived by correctly applying a series of valid user transactions to the previous state. These proofs are then verified on Ethereum by a smart contract.
The source code of the prover is currently not public.
The source code of the circuits is currently not public.
Funds can be lost if the proof system is implemented incorrectly.
Funds can be stolen if the prover is able to generate false proofs.
Given that the circuit is not public, the generation of the verification keys is not public either.
Only a trusted sequencer is allowed to submit transaction batches. A mechanism for users to submit their own batches is currently disabled.
MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.
Funds can be frozen if the sequencer refuses to include an exit transaction (CRITICAL).
There is no general mechanism to force the sequencer to include the transaction.
Users can be censored if the operator refuses to include their transactions.
The user initiates the withdrawal by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is proven the funds become available for withdrawal on L1. Finally the user submits an L1 transaction to claim the funds. This transaction does not require a merkle proof. Note that withdrawal requests can be censored by the Sequencer. Currently, there is a general limit of 18750.0 ETH that can be withdrawn within each 1d time window.
Funds can be frozen if the operator censors withdrawal transaction.
This is a Gnosis Safe with 4 / 8 threshold. It uses the following modules: Roles. Admin of the Linea rollup. It can upgrade core contracts, bridges, update permissioned actors, and publish blocks by effectively overriding the proof system.
Those are the participants of the AdminMultisig.
Module to the AdminMultisig. Allows to add additional members to the multisig via permissions to call functions specified by roles.
The operators are allowed to prove blocks and post the corresponding transaction data.
Address allowed to pause the ERC20Bridge, the USDCBridge and the core functionalities of the project.
The main contract of the Linea zkEVM rollup. Contains state roots, the verifier addresses and manages messages between L1 and the L2. The contract is pausable by AdminMultisig. This contract stores the following tokens: ETH.
Upgrade delay: No delay
Owner of the ProxyAdmin and Verifier Setter. The current delay is 0s.
Currently used smart contract verifying the proofs for the Linea zkEVM.
Contract used to bridge ERC20 tokens. This contract can store any token.
Upgrade delay: No delay
Contract used to bridge USDC tokens. This contract stores the following tokens: USDC.
Upgrade delay: No delay
The current deployment carries some associated risks:
Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is a 0s delay on code upgrades.