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Arbitrum Nova logo
Arbitrum Nova

The Arbitrum DAO voted to minimize Arbitrum Nova and transition it to maintenance state. Developers and users are encouraged to migrate to Arbitrum One. See the Minimizing Arbitrum Nova FAQs for details.

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About

Arbitrum Nova is an Optimistic Rollup that posts transaction data to Ethereum in blobs. It previously operated as an AnyTrust Optimium relying on a Data Availability Committee.

  • Total Value SecuredTVS
    $12.37 M8.45%
  • Past day UOPSDaily UOPS
    <0.0154.0%
  • Stage
  • Gas token
    ETH
  • Type
    Optimistic Rollup
  • Purpose
    Universal
  • Chain ID
    42170

    • Tokens breakdown

    Sequencer failureState validationData availabilityExit windowProposer failure
    Explore more in Discovery UI

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    About

    Arbitrum Nova is an Optimistic Rollup that posts transaction data to Ethereum in blobs. It previously operated as an AnyTrust Optimium relying on a Data Availability Committee.

    Value Secured
    CompareView TVS breakdown
    Total
    Canonically BridgedCanonically Bridged ValueCanonical
    Natively MintedNatively Minted TokensNative
    Externally BridgedExternally Bridged ValueExternal
    ETH & derivatives
    Stablecoins
    BTC & derivatives
    Other
    View TVS breakdown
    Compare with other projects
    Activity
    Compare
    Past Day UOPS
    Past Day Ops count
    Max. UOPS
    Past day UOPS/TPS Ratio
    Compare with other projects
    Onchain costs
    Compare

    The section shows the operating costs that L2s pay to Ethereum.

    Total cost
    Avg cost per L2 UOP
    Avg cost per day
    Compare with other projects
    Liveness

    This section shows how "live" the project's operators are by displaying how frequently they submit transactions of the selected type. It also highlights anomalies - significant deviations from their typical schedule.

    Potential ongoing anomaly

    No Tx data submissions have been performed for the past 23d 18h (since 2026 Aug 31, 18:35 UTC). These typically occur every 4m 46s on average.

    Avg. tx data subs. interval
    Avg. state updates interval
    Past 30 days anomalies
    20% normal uptime

    Last 30 day anomalies

    All liveness anomalies detected for this project in the last 30 days, helping you review recent downtime and availability issues.

    No Tx data submissions have been performed for the past 23d 18h (since 2026 Aug 31, 18:35 UTC). These typically occur every 4m 46s on average.

    Milestones & Incidents

    Nova stops using its Data Availability Committee

    2026 Aug 31st

    All batches now post to Ethereum as blobs; Nova moves from Optimium to Optimistic Rollup.

    Learn more

    Bold deployed with a whitelist

    2025 Feb 15th

    Learn more
    Risk summary
    Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.

    Funds can be stolen if

    1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL),
    2. no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL),
    3. an attacker successfully performs a resource exhaustion attack.

    MEV can be extracted if

    1. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.
    Risk analysis
    Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.
    Sequencer failureState validationData availabilityExit windowProposer failure
    Sequencer failure
    Self sequence

    In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project’s chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 1d delay on this operation.

    State validation
    Fraud proofs (INT)

    Fraud proofs allow 10 WHITELISTED actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. At least 5 Challengers are external to the Operator. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. There is a 6d 8h challenge period.

    Data availability
    Onchain

    All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.

    Exit window
    None (emergency upgrade path)
    7d (regular upgrade path)

    Non-emergency upgrades are initiated on L2 and go through a 8d delay. Since there is a 1d delay to force a tx (forcing the inclusion in the following state update), users have only 7d to exit.

    If users post a tx after that time, they would only be able to self propose a state root 28d after the last state root was proposed and then wait for the 6d 8h challenge window, while the upgrade would be confirmed just after the 6d 8h challenge window and the 3d L1 timelock.

    There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.

    Proposer failure
    Self propose

    Anyone can become a Proposer after 28d of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.

    Stage
    Arbitrum Nova
    Arbitrum Nova is a
    Stage 0
    Optimistic Rollup.
    Learn more about Stages
    Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect project security, this is an opinionated assessment of project maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal.
    Data availability

    All data required for proofs is published on chain

    All the data that is used to construct the system state is published on chain in the form of cheap blobs or calldata. This ensures that it will be available for enough time.

    1. Sequencing followed by deterministic execution - Arbitrum documentation
    2. SequencerInbox.sol - source code, addSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin function
    Learn more about the DA layer here: Ethereum logoEthereum
    State validation
    A diagram of the state validation
    A diagram of the state validation

    Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by a set of whitelisted validators. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals.

    State root proposals

    Validators propose state roots as children of a previous state root. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. State roots are referred to as “assertions” within the contracts. Each chain of assertions only requires one stake, and validators staked on assertions with a child are considered inactive and can either move their stake to a new node or withdraw it. The function used to propose a new assertion is the stakeOnNewAssertion function. The stake is currently set to 1.0 ETH, and it can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. The protocol allows such funds to be trustlessly pooled together if necessary. New nodes cannot be created faster than the minimum assertion period, currently set to 15m. An assertion without “rivals” can be confirmed after the challenge period has passed, currently set to 6d 8h. If a rival is present, then it is checked that the assertion is the winner in the challenge protocol.

    • Funds can be stolen if no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL).

    1. BoLD paper
    Challenges

    A challenge can be started between two siblings, i.e. two different state roots that share the same parent, by calling the createLayerZeroEdge function in the ChallengeManager contract. Edges represent assertions, or bisected assertions, within the challenge protocol. Challenges are played via a bisection game, where asserters and challengers play together to find the first instruction of disagreement. Such instruction is then executed onchain in the WASM OneStepProver contract to determine the winner. An edge can only be bisected when rivaled. The bisection process requires no new stake as their validity is checked against a parent “history root” that contains all intermediate states. An edge can also be confirmed if itself or its descendants spend enough time being unrivaled. Such time is set to 6d 8h. If both actors play as slow as possible, the maximum time to confirm an edge is double such value, i.e. 12d 17h. Due to the complexities of maintaining the history root, the challenge protocol is divided into 3 levels, where the lowest level represents assertions over blocks, the highest level represents assertions over single WASM instructions, and intermediate levels represent assertions over chunks of WASM instructions. When moving between levels, a new stake is required. Level 0 (block level) requires a stake of 0.0 ETH, level 1 requires a stake of 1.0 ETH, level 2 requires a stake of 1.0 ETH. The ratio between such stakes can be exploited to perform resource exhaustion attacks.

    • Funds can be stolen if an attacker successfully performs a resource exhaustion attack.

    1. Fraud Proof Wars: Arbitrum BoLD

    Program Hashes

    Name
    Hash
    Repository
    Verification
    Used in
    0xc10c...dc97
    Github
    Arbitrum One logoRobinhood Chain logoArbitrum Nova logo
    Upgrades & Governance
    A diagram of the upgrades and governance
    A diagram of the upgrades and governance

    All critical system smart contracts are upgradeable (can be arbitrarily changed). This permission is governed by the Arbitrum Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) and their elected Security Council. The Arbitrum DAO controls Arbitrum One and Arbitrum Nova through upgrades and modifications to their smart contracts on Layer 1 Ethereum and the Layer 2s. While the DAO governs through token-weighted governance in their associated ARB token, the Security Council can directly act through multisigs on all three chains. Although they are technically separate and connect to different target permissions, their member- and threshold configuration is kept in sync by a manager contract on Arbitrum One sending crosschain transactions.

    Regular upgrades, Admin- and Owner actions originate from either the Arbitrum DAO or the non-emergency (Proposer-) Security Council on Arbitrum One and pass through multiple delays and timelocks before being executed at their destination. Contrarily, the three Emergency Security Council multisigs (one on each chain: Arbitrum One, Ethereum, Arbitrum Nova) can skip delays and directly access all admin- and upgrade functions of all smart contracts. These two general paths have the same destination: the respective UpgradeExecutor smart contract.

    Regular upgrades are scheduled in the L2 Timelock. The proposer Security Council can do this directly and the Arbitrum DAO (ARB token holders and delegates) must meet a CoreGovernor-enforced 50% threshold of the votable tokens. The L2 Timelock queues the transaction for a 8d delay and then sends it to the Outbox contract on Ethereum. This incurs another delay (the challenge period) of 6d 8h, which is extended by an additional 2d if the top-level assertion has been challenged. When that has passed, the L1 Timelock delays for additional 3d. Both timelocks serve as delays during which the transparent transaction contents can be audited, and, in the case of the final L1 timelock, cancelled by the Emergency Security Council. Finally, the transaction can be executed, calling Admin- or Owner restricted functions of the respective destination smart contracts through the UpgradeExecutor on Ethereum. If the predefined transaction destination is Arbitrum One or -Nova, this last call is executed on L2 through the canonical bridge and the aliased address of the L1 Timelock.

    Operator roles like the Sequencers and Validators are managed using the same paths. Sequencer changes can be delegated to a Batch Poster Manager role.

    Transactions targeting the Arbitrum DAO Treasury can be scheduled in the 3d Treasury Timelock by meeting a TreasuryGovernor-enforced 40% threshold of votable ARB tokens. The Security Council cannot regularly cancel these transactions or schedule different ones but can overwrite them anyway by having upgrade permissions for all the underlying smart contracts.

    Past upgrades

    The metrics include upgrades on the currently used proxy contracts. Historical proxy contracts and changes of such are not included.

    Count of upgrades
    28
    Last upgrade
    1y ago
    Avg upgrade interval
    1y 4mo
    Updates
    2026 September 07, 14:40 UTC
    2changes

    Arbitrum Nova stopped using its AnyTrust Data Availability Committee: since 2026-08-31 all batches are posted to Ethereum as blobs. Nova reclassifies from Optimium to Optimistic Rollup. The L1Timelock added scheduled transaction 143: the Security Council Election Process Improvements upgrade action ( SecurityCouncilUpgradeAction.perform() ), executed 2026-08-31 20:52 UTC.

    Arbitrum Nova stopped using its AnyTrust Data Availability Committee: since 2026-08-31 all batches are posted to Ethereum as blobs. Nova reclassifies from Optimium to Optimistic Rollup.

    The L1Timelock added scheduled transaction #143: the Security Council Election Process Improvements upgrade action (SecurityCouncilUpgradeAction.perform()), executed 2026-08-31 20:52 UTC.

    contract SequencerInbox (eth:0x211E1c4c7f1bF5351Ac850Ed10FD68CFfCF6c21b) [orbitstack/SequencerInbox] {
    +++ description: A sequencer (registered in this contract) can submit transaction batches or commitments here.
    values.sequencerVersion:
    - "0x88"
    + "0x00"
    }
    contract L1Timelock (eth:0xE6841D92B0C345144506576eC13ECf5103aC7f49) [orbitstack/Timelock] {
    +++ description: A timelock with access control. The current minimum delay is 3d. Proposals that passed their minimum delay can be executed by the anyone.
    values.scheduledTransactions.143:
    + {"id":"0xbf93fbef0a1274cf00bfcbdff101bdc83b9924f9711879d284d6495728356e85","decoded":{"chain":"arbitrum","contractName":"SecurityCouncilUpgradeAction","function":"perform","inputs":[],"address":"arb1:0xeF98Fc7A7F08De47Ed01f3F11f07319c22106445","calldata":"0xb147f40c","executor":"eth:0xCF57572261c7c2BCF21ffD220ea7d1a27D40A827","inboxOnEthereum":"eth:0x4Dbd4fc535Ac27206064B68FfCf827b0A60BAB3f"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0xa723C008e76E379c55599D2E4d93879BeaFDa79C","value":0,"data":"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","delay":259200}}
    }
    2026 August 27, 12:47 UTC
    9changes

    ArbFilteredTransactionsManager (ArbOS 61 transaction-filtering precompile) now tracked; no filterers registered.

    ArbFilteredTransactionsManager (ArbOS 61 transaction-filtering precompile) now tracked; no filterers registered.

    contract ArbFilteredTransactionsManager (arb-nova:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000074) [orbitstack/ArbFilteredTransactionsManager] {
    +++ description: ArbOS 61 transaction-filtering precompile (0x..74). An authorized filterer registers tx hashes here; the state transition function then forcibly fails those transactions, including force-included ones, without delay. Available from ArbOS 61 onwards. On chains where the feature is not enabled (e.g. Arbitrum One and Nova) it has no filterers and no filtered transactions, but is tracked so any future activation is caught immediately. Compare Robinhood, where this precompile is active.
    type:
    - "EOA"
    + "Contract"
    proxyType:
    - "EOA"
    + "immutable"
    values.transactionFilterers:
    - "EXPECT_REVERT"
    + []
    values.$immutable:
    + true
    sourceHashes:
    + ["0xc92ac7c82ac0ae6811eb5889bb19d300f3f59cc6c21e25d1be2dcc6c4a9db41a"]
    deployerAddress:
    + "arb-nova:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
    sinceTimestamp:
    + 1656122488
    sinceBlock:
    + 0
    implementationNames:
    + {"arb-nova:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000074":""}
    }
    2026 August 19, 12:45 UTC
    8changes

    RollupProxy: wasmModuleRoot updated to the ArbOS v61 root. L1Timelock records the accompanying scheduled transactions: SetWasmModuleRootAction on Ethereum, UpgradeArbOSVersionAtTimestampAction and ArbOS61SettingsAction on Arbitrum One, and the matching Nova actions.

    RollupProxy: wasmModuleRoot updated to the ArbOS v61 root. L1Timelock records the accompanying scheduled transactions: SetWasmModuleRootAction on Ethereum, UpgradeArbOSVersionAtTimestampAction and ArbOS61SettingsAction on Arbitrum One, and the matching Nova actions.

    contract L1Timelock (eth:0xE6841D92B0C345144506576eC13ECf5103aC7f49) [orbitstack/Timelock] {
    +++ description: A timelock with access control. The current minimum delay is 3d. Proposals that passed their minimum delay can be executed by the anyone.
    values.scheduledTransactions.137:
    + {"id":"0xf60ffd47f050d5cd5ed97b0225a01845d0bca8471dc0dc0e07f9968a4cf88901","decoded":{"chain":"ethereum","contractName":"SetWasmModuleRootAction","function":"perform","inputs":[],"address":"eth:0x114637D5cB4BaE22c94F822c984F5cA6013284Da","calldata":"0xb147f40c","executor":"eth:0x3ffFbAdAF827559da092217e474760E2b2c3CeDd"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0x3ffFbAdAF827559da092217e474760E2b2c3CeDd","value":0,"data":"0x1cff79cd000000000000000000000000114637d5cb4bae22c94f822c984f5ca6013284da00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004b147f40c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","delay":259200}}
    values.scheduledTransactions.138:
    + {"id":"0xf60ffd47f050d5cd5ed97b0225a01845d0bca8471dc0dc0e07f9968a4cf88901","decoded":{"chain":"ethereum","contractName":"SetWasmModuleRootAction","function":"perform","inputs":[],"address":"eth:0x36E3BbEF91D182b47DAb09E8AC3a4EA9C524fBab","calldata":"0xb147f40c","executor":"eth:0x3ffFbAdAF827559da092217e474760E2b2c3CeDd"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0x3ffFbAdAF827559da092217e474760E2b2c3CeDd","value":0,"data":"0x1cff79cd00000000000000000000000036e3bbef91d182b47dab09e8ac3a4ea9c524fbab00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004b147f40c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","delay":259200}}
    values.scheduledTransactions.139:
    + {"id":"0xf60ffd47f050d5cd5ed97b0225a01845d0bca8471dc0dc0e07f9968a4cf88901","decoded":{"chain":"arbitrum","contractName":"UpgradeArbOSVersionAtTimestampAction","function":"perform","inputs":[],"address":"arb1:0xF93353c1Fe24225B6C82B284b2B6DBB924690515","calldata":"0xb147f40c","executor":"eth:0xCF57572261c7c2BCF21ffD220ea7d1a27D40A827","inboxOnEthereum":"eth:0x4Dbd4fc535Ac27206064B68FfCf827b0A60BAB3f"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0xa723C008e76E379c55599D2E4d93879BeaFDa79C","value":0,"data":"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","delay":259200}}
    values.scheduledTransactions.140:
    + {"id":"0xf60ffd47f050d5cd5ed97b0225a01845d0bca8471dc0dc0e07f9968a4cf88901","decoded":{"chain":"nova","address":"eth:0x6bE7bA57Dd831A7D0AeDA1fB87C3c206C38098fF","calldata":"0xb147f40c","executor":"eth:0x86a02dD71363c440b21F4c0E5B2Ad01Ffe1A7482","inboxOnEthereum":"eth:0xc4448b71118c9071Bcb9734A0EAc55D18A153949"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0xa723C008e76E379c55599D2E4d93879BeaFDa79C","value":0,"data":"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","delay":259200}}
    values.scheduledTransactions.141:
    + {"id":"0xf60ffd47f050d5cd5ed97b0225a01845d0bca8471dc0dc0e07f9968a4cf88901","decoded":{"chain":"arbitrum","contractName":"ArbOS61SettingsAction","function":"perform","inputs":[],"address":"arb1:0x9625eE87a85cF1D5EE31f0883df27A5c8770312E","calldata":"0xb147f40c","executor":"eth:0xCF57572261c7c2BCF21ffD220ea7d1a27D40A827","inboxOnEthereum":"eth:0x4Dbd4fc535Ac27206064B68FfCf827b0A60BAB3f"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0xa723C008e76E379c55599D2E4d93879BeaFDa79C","value":0,"data":"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","delay":259200}}
    values.scheduledTransactions.142:
    + {"id":"0xf60ffd47f050d5cd5ed97b0225a01845d0bca8471dc0dc0e07f9968a4cf88901","decoded":{"chain":"nova","address":"eth:0xd489C8512e3E82060873950c835f5ed1f06aBF84","calldata":"0xb147f40c","executor":"eth:0x86a02dD71363c440b21F4c0E5B2Ad01Ffe1A7482","inboxOnEthereum":"eth:0xc4448b71118c9071Bcb9734A0EAc55D18A153949"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0xa723C008e76E379c55599D2E4d93879BeaFDa79C","value":0,"data":"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","delay":259200}}
    }
    contract RollupProxy (eth:0xE7E8cCC7c381809BDC4b213CE44016300707B7Bd) [orbitstack/RollupProxyBoLD] {
    +++ description: Central contract for the project's configuration like its execution logic hash (`wasmModuleRoot`) and addresses of the other system contracts. Entry point for Proposers creating new assertions (state commitments) and Challengers submitting fraud proofs (In the Orbit stack, these two roles are both called Validators).
    +++ description: ArbOS version derived from known wasmModuleRoots.
    values.arbOsFromWmRoot:
    - "ArbOS v51 wasmModuleRoot"
    + "ArbOS v61 wasmModuleRoot"
    +++ description: Root hash of the WASM module used for execution, like a fingerprint of the L2 logic. Can be associated with ArbOS versions.
    values.wasmModuleRoot:
    - "0x8a7513bf7bb3e3db04b0d982d0e973bcf57bf8b88aef7c6d03dba3a81a56a499"
    + "0xc10cd7ec6acaf1c441a3f6bd0900ad20f15855ba775a96f1939118cbc629dc97"
    }
    2026 August 13, 09:18 UTC
    1change

    Track the ArbOS 61 transaction-filtering precompile ( 0x..74 ) via the new shared orbitstack/ArbFilteredTransactionsManager template, seeded as a relative off the L2UpgradeExecutor, with a manualSourcePaths pointer to the Nitro implementation. The feature is not enabled on Arbitrum Nova, so it yields no results today (0 filtered txs; getAllTransactionFilterers reverts, rendered as EXPECT REVERT ); it auto-populates if ever activated.

    Track the ArbOS 61 transaction-filtering precompile (0x..74) via the new shared orbitstack/ArbFilteredTransactionsManager template, seeded as a relative off the L2UpgradeExecutor, with a manualSourcePaths pointer to the Nitro implementation. The feature is not enabled on Arbitrum Nova, so it yields no results today (0 filtered txs; getAllTransactionFilterers reverts, rendered as EXPECT_REVERT); it auto-populates if ever activated.

    contract L1Timelock (eth:0xE6841D92B0C345144506576eC13ECf5103aC7f49) [orbitstack/Timelock] {
    +++ description: A timelock with access control. The current minimum delay is 3d. Proposals that passed their minimum delay can be executed by the anyone.
    values.scheduledTransactions.136:
    + {"id":"0xca1f46b8ad7e85e9361445532fccf860739d3d56b7db05bf4cb27d6ea15b5b8e","decoded":{"chain":"arbitrum","contractName":"TransparentUpgradeableProxy","function":"0xec20b526","inputs":[{"name":"calldata","value":"0xec20b526ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffd5ad352eec3ec51bda416e"}],"address":"arb1:0x912CE59144191C1204E64559FE8253a0e49E6548","calldata":"0xec20b526ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffd5ad352eec3ec51bda416e","executor":"eth:0xCF57572261c7c2BCF21ffD220ea7d1a27D40A827","inboxOnEthereum":"eth:0x4Dbd4fc535Ac27206064B68FfCf827b0A60BAB3f"},"raw":{"target":"eth:0xa723C008e76E379c55599D2E4d93879BeaFDa79C","value":0,"data":"0x0000000000000000000000004dbd4fc535ac27206064b68ffcf827b0a60bab3f000000000000000000000000cf57572261c7c2bcf21ffd220ea7d1a27d40a82700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a4bca8c7b5000000000000000000000000912ce59144191c1204e64559fe8253a0e49e654800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000024ec20b526ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffd5ad352eec3ec51bda416e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","delay":259200}}
    }
    2026 August 06, 06:01 UTC
    8changes

    L1Timelock: 8 new scheduled transactions recording SecurityCouncilMemberSyncAction calls for update nonces 17 and 18, propagating the Security Council roster to the council contracts on Ethereum, Arbitrum One and Nova. Nonce 18 swaps one member relative to nonce 17 ( 0xeEe3…fe2D out, 0xEEFF…7C1E in).

    L1Timelock: 8 new scheduled transactions recording SecurityCouncilMemberSyncAction calls for update nonces 17 and 18, propagating the Security Council roster to the council contracts on Ethereum, Arbitrum One and Nova. Nonce 18 swaps one member relative to nonce 17 (0xeEe3…fe2D out, 0xEEFF…7C1E in).

    contract L1Timelock (eth:0xE6841D92B0C345144506576eC13ECf5103aC7f49) [orbitstack/Timelock] {
    +++ description: A timelock with access control. The current minimum delay is 3d. Proposals that passed their minimum delay can be executed by the anyone.
    values.scheduledTransactions.128:
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    }
    Operator

    The system has a centralized sequencer

    While forcing transaction is open to anyone the system employs a privileged sequencer that has priority for submitting transaction batches and ordering transactions.

    • MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

    1. Sequencer - Arbitrum documentation

    Users can force any transaction

    Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly. After a delay of 1d in which a Sequencer has failed to include a transaction that was directly posted to the smart contract, it can be forcefully included by anyone on the host chain, which finalizes its ordering.

    1. SequencerInbox.sol - source code, forceInclusion function
    2. Sequencer Isn't Doing Its Job - Arbitrum documentation
    Sequencing

    Buffered forced transactions

    To force transactions from the host chain, users must first enqueue “delayed” messages in the “delayed” inbox of the Bridge contract. Only authorized Inboxes are allowed to enqueue delayed messages, and the so-called Inbox contract is the one used as the entry point by calling the sendMessage or sendMessageFromOrigin functions. If the centralized sequencer doesn’t process the request within some time bound, users can call the forceInclusion function on the SequencerInbox contract to include the message in the canonical chain. The time bound is defined to be the minimum between 1d and the time left in the delay buffer. The delay buffer gets replenished over time and gets consumed every time the sequencer doesn’t timely process a message. Only messages processed with a delay greater than 1h consume the buffer. The buffer is capped at 2d. The replenish rate is currently set at 1m every 20m. Even if the buffer is fully consumed, messages are still allowed to be delayed up to 1h.

    1. Sequencer and censorship resistance - Arbitrum documentation
    Withdrawals

    Regular messaging

    The user initiates L2->L1 messages by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled, the message becomes available for processing on L1. The process of block finalization usually takes several days to complete.

    1. Transaction lifecycle - Arbitrum documentation
    2. L2 to L1 Messages - Arbitrum documentation
    3. Mainnet for everyone - Arbitrum Blog

    Autonomous exit

    Users can (eventually) exit the system by pushing the transaction on L1 and providing the corresponding state root. The only way to prevent such withdrawal is via an upgrade.

    Other considerations

    EVM compatible and Stylus smart contracts are supported

    Arbitrum One supports smart contracts written in Solidity and other programming languages (Rust, C++) that compile to WASM. Such smart contracts are executed by nodes using either a geth fork or a fork of wasmer inside the Nitro node, and can be proven with the onchain WASM VM.

    1. Inside Arbitrum Nitro
    2. A gentle introduction: Stylus

    Arbitrum DAO is in charge of upgrades

    Arbitrum DAO allows $ARB token holders to propose and vote on changes to the organization and the technologies it governs. The governance smart contracts are implemented on Arbitrum One rollup chain. The DAO can upgrade the Arbitrum One contracts on L2 with 2d delay and - using L2 --> L1 Governance Relay, update contracts on L1 with additional 3d delay + 6d 8h delay for all L2 --> L1 messages (in total a delay of 11d 8h), with an additional 8d if a challenge has been present in the state root that relays the message. The Security Council can upgrade the contracts without any delay. It can also cancel any upgrades initiated by the DAO.

    1. Arbitrum DAO
    Permissions
    A dashboard to explore contracts and permissions
    Go to Disco
    Disco UI Banner
    Disco UI BannerExplore in Disco

    Ethereum

    Actors:

    L1Timelock0xE684…7f49

    A timelock with access control. The current minimum delay is 3d. Proposals that passed their minimum delay can be executed by the anyone.

    • Can upgrade with no delay
      • SequencerInbox
      • CustomGateway
      • RollupEventInbox
      • UpgradeExecutor
      • ERC20Gateway
      • Bridge
      • Inbox
      • GatewayRouter
      • Outbox
      • L1Timelock
      • RollupProxy
      • EdgeChallengeManager
    • Can interact with L1Timelock
      • cancel queued transactions
      • update the minimum delay and manage all access control roles of the timelock
    • Can interact with RollupProxy
      • Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability and DACs, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes
    Used in:
    SecurityCouncil0xF06E…3F85

    A Multisig with 9/12 threshold. It uses the following modules: UpgradeExecutor (Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations).

    • Can upgrade with no delay
      • SequencerInbox
      • CustomGateway
      • RollupEventInbox
      • UpgradeExecutor
      • ERC20Gateway
      • Bridge
      • Inbox
      • GatewayRouter
      • Outbox
      • L1Timelock
      • RollupProxy
      • EdgeChallengeManager
    • Can interact with L1Timelock
      • cancel queued transactions
      • update the minimum delay and manage all access control roles of the timelock
    • Can interact with RollupProxy
      • Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability and DACs, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes

    Participants (12):

    0xEEFF…7C1E0xeEB8…8398DZack23PabloSabbatella-OpsekzachxbtImmunefiMichael Lewellen - blockaidgzeon-OffchainLabsEmilianoBonassi-ConduitGriffGreen-Givethbartek.eth-L2BEATyoav.eth-EF
    Used in:
    1. Security Council members - Arbitrum Foundation Docs
    ValidatorWallet
    5 instances
    0x1732…FF230x24Ca…71e30x5700…0C760x658e…D7090xE27d…9b87
    • Can interact with RollupProxy
      • Allowed to challenge or delete state roots proposed by a Proposer
      • Can propose BoLD assertions and initiate challenges. Whitelisted validator on RollupProxy
    Validator0x3B03…97AC
    • Can interact with RollupProxy
      • Allowed to challenge or delete state roots proposed by a Proposer
      • Can propose BoLD assertions and initiate challenges. Whitelisted validator on RollupProxy
    BatchPosterManagerMultisig0xd0FD…679B

    A Multisig with 4/6 threshold.

    • Can interact with SequencerInbox
      • Add/remove batchPosters (Sequencers)

    Participants (6):

    0x3759…9Fe10xfE2b…158B0x6437…0Ee70x290A…14280x4d9A…f49C0x79D3…9fCe
    Used in:
    ValidatorOwnerMultisig0xC234…0941

    A Multisig with 4/6 threshold.

    • Can upgrade with no delay
      • ValidatorWallet
      • ValidatorWallet

    Participants (6):

    0x3759…9Fe10xfE2b…158B0x6437…0Ee70x290A…14280x4d9A…f49C0x79D3…9fCe
    3 EOAs
    EOA 1EOA 2EOA 3
    • Can interact with RollupProxy
      • Allowed to challenge or delete state roots proposed by a Proposer
      • Can propose BoLD assertions and initiate challenges. Whitelisted validator on RollupProxy
    EOA 40xDfB2…d7cB
    • Can upgrade with no delay
      • ValidatorWallet
    • Can interact with RollupProxy
      • Allowed to challenge or delete state roots proposed by a Proposer
      • Can propose BoLD assertions and initiate challenges. Whitelisted validator on RollupProxy
    2 EOAs
    EOA 5EOA 6
    • Can interact with SequencerInbox
      • Can submit transaction batches or commitments to the SequencerInbox contract on the host chain
    EOA 70x5B3E…a294
    • Can upgrade with no delay
    2 EOAs
    EOA 8EOA 9
    • Can upgrade with no delay
      • ValidatorWallet

    Arbitrum Nova

    Actors:

    L2SecurityCouncilEmergency0xc232…60F3

    A Multisig with 9/12 threshold. It uses the following modules: L2UpgradeExecutor (Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations).

    • Can upgrade with no delay
      • L2GatewayRouter
      • L2WethGateway
      • L2UpgradeExecutor
      • L2ARBGateway
      • L2ERC20Gateway
      • L2ArbitrumToken

    Participants (12):

    0xEEFF…7C1E0xeEB8…8398DZack23PabloSabbatella-OpsekzachxbtImmunefiMichael Lewellen - blockaidgzeon-OffchainLabsEmilianoBonassi-ConduitGriffGreen-Givethbartek.eth-L2BEATyoav.eth-EF
    L1Timelock0xf795…905a
    • Can upgrade with no delay
      • L2GatewayRouter
      • L2WethGateway
      • L2UpgradeExecutor
      • L2ARBGateway
      • L2ERC20Gateway
      • L2ArbitrumToken
    Smart contracts
    A dashboard to explore contracts and permissions
    Go to Disco
    Disco UI Banner
    Disco UI BannerExplore in Disco
    A diagram of the smart contract architecture
    A diagram of the smart contract architecture

    Ethereum

    SequencerInbox0x211E…c21bImplementation (Upgradable)Admin

    A sequencer (registered in this contract) can submit transaction batches or commitments here.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
      • batchPosterManager: BatchPosterManagerMultisig
      • batchPosters: EOA 5, EOA 6
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    Bridge
    Escrow
    0xC1Eb…76BdImplementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Escrow contract for the project’s gas token (can be different from ETH). Keeps a list of allowed Inboxes and Outboxes for canonical bridge messaging.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    The following tokens are included in the value secured calculation:
    ETH token logo
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    RollupProxy0xE7E8…B7BdImplementation #1 (Upgradable)Implementation #2 (Upgradable)Admin

    Central contract for the project’s configuration like its execution logic hash (wasmModuleRoot) and addresses of the other system contracts. Entry point for Proposers creating new assertions (state commitments) and Challengers submitting fraud proofs (In the Orbit stack, these two roles are both called Validators).

    • Roles:
      • admin: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
      • getValidators: EOA 1, EOA 2, EOA 3, EOA 4, Validator, ValidatorWallet
      • owner: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    EdgeChallengeManager0xFE66…A688Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Contract that implements the main challenge protocol logic of the fraud proof system.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    UpgradeExecutor0x3ffF…CeDdImplementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin 2; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
      • executors: L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Proxy used in:
    ERC20Gateway
    Escrow
    0xB253…21bfImplementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Escrows deposited ERC-20 assets for the canonical Bridge. Upon depositing, a generic token representation will be minted at the destination. Withdrawals are initiated by the Outbox contract.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin 3; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil

    All supported tokens in this escrow are included in the value secured calculation.

    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    Inbox0xc444…3949Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Facilitates sending L1 to L2 messages like depositing ETH, but does not escrow funds.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    Outbox0xD4B8…cc58Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Facilitates L2 to L1 contract calls: Messages initiated from L2 (for example withdrawal messages) eventually resolve in execution on L1.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    CustomGateway
    Escrow
    0x2312…232fImplementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Escrows deposited assets for the canonical bridge that are externally governed or need custom token contracts with e.g. minting rights or upgradeability.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin 3; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil

    All supported tokens in this escrow are included in the value secured calculation.

    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    GatewayRouter0xC840…cD48Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    This routing contract maps tokens to the correct escrow (gateway) to be then bridged with canonical messaging.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin 3; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    RollupEventInbox0x3048…9CD2Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Helper contract sending configuration data over the bridge during the systems initialization.

    • Roles:
      • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, SecurityCouncil
    Can be upgraded by:
    L1Timelock with no delaySecurityCouncil with no delay
    Implementation used in:
    OneStepProofEntry0x4397…42d6

    One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

    Implementation used in:
    ProxyAdmin 20x5613…0678
    • Roles:
      • owner: UpgradeExecutor
    ProxyAdmin0x71D7…7148
    • Roles:
      • owner: UpgradeExecutor
    ProxyAdmin0x8f6b…6d2B
    • Roles:
      • owner: EOA 4
    L1DaiGateway0x97f6…A786
    L1Escrow
    Escrow
    0xA2e9…aAd3

    Simple escrow that accepts tokens and allows to configure permissioned addresses that can access the tokens.

    The following tokens are included in the value secured calculation:
    DAI token logo
    ProxyAdmin 30xa8f7…e560
    • Roles:
      • owner: UpgradeExecutor
    ProxyAdmin0xAd3a…878d
    • Roles:
      • owner: EOA 9
    ProxyAdmin0xb314…0678
    • Roles:
      • owner: EOA 8
    ProxyAdmin0xb85e…f9AE
    • Roles:
      • owner: EOA 7
    ProxyAdmin
    2 instances
    0xE4d0…a1B40xF32e…a428
    • Roles:
      • owner: ValidatorOwnerMultisig

    Arbitrum Nova

    L2UpgradeExecutor0x86a0…7482Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations.

    • Roles:
      • admin: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, L2SecurityCouncilEmergency
      • executors: L1Timelock, L2SecurityCouncilEmergency
    Can be upgraded by:
    L2SecurityCouncilEmergency with no delayL1Timelock with no delay
    L2GatewayRouter0x2190…DFa8Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Router managing token <–> gateway mapping on L2.

    • Roles:
      • admin: L2GatewaysProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, L2SecurityCouncilEmergency
    Can be upgraded by:
    L2SecurityCouncilEmergency with no delayL1Timelock with no delay
    L2WethGateway0x7626…D9eDImplementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Counterpart to the Bridge on L1. Mints and burns WETH on L2.

    • Roles:
      • admin: L2GatewaysProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, L2SecurityCouncilEmergency
    Can be upgraded by:
    L2SecurityCouncilEmergency with no delayL1Timelock with no delay
    L2ERC20Gateway0xcF9b…9257Implementation (Upgradable)Admin

    Counterpart to the L1ERC20Gateway. Can mint (deposit to L2) and burn (withdraw to L1) ERC20 tokens on L2.

    • Roles:
      • admin: L2GatewaysProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, L2SecurityCouncilEmergency
    Can be upgraded by:
    L2SecurityCouncilEmergency with no delayL1Timelock with no delay
    ArbFilteredTransactionsManager0x0000…0074

    ArbOS 61 transaction-filtering precompile (0x…74). An authorized filterer registers tx hashes here; the state transition function then forcibly fails those transactions, including force-included ones, without delay. Available from ArbOS 61 onwards. On chains where the feature is not enabled (e.g. Arbitrum One and Nova) it has no filterers and no filtered transactions, but is tracked so any future activation is caught immediately. Compare Robinhood, where this precompile is active.

    1. Source Code
    L2SurplusFee0x5093…32De

    This contract receives all SurplusFees: Transaction fee component that covers the cost beyond that covered by the L2 Base Fee during chain congestion. They are withdrawable to a configurable set of recipients.

    StandardArbERC200x5392…4E91
    L2BaseFee0x9fCB…C79f

    This contract receives all SurplusFees: Transaction fee component that covers the cost beyond that covered by the L2 Base Fee during chain congestion. They are withdrawable to a configurable set of recipients.

    L2GatewaysProxyAdmin0xada7…d92C
    • Roles:
      • owner: L2UpgradeExecutor
    L2ARBGateway0xbf54…51F4Implementation (Upgradable)Admin
    • Roles:
      • admin: L2GatewaysProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, L2SecurityCouncilEmergency
    Can be upgraded by:
    L2SecurityCouncilEmergency with no delayL1Timelock with no delay
    UpgradeableBeacon0xd31E…e639
    BeaconProxyFactory0xD9D6…90a3
    L2ProxyAdmin0xf58e…C2b9
    • Roles:
      • owner: L2UpgradeExecutor
    L2ArbitrumToken0xf823…46ADImplementation (Upgradable)Admin
    • Roles:
      • admin: L2ProxyAdmin; ultimately L1Timelock, L2SecurityCouncilEmergency
    Can be upgraded by:
    L2SecurityCouncilEmergency with no delayL1Timelock with no delay

    The current deployment carries some associated risks:

    • Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL).

    Program Hashes

    Name
    Hash
    Repository
    Verification
    Used in
    0xc10c...dc97
    Github
    Arbitrum One logoRobinhood Chain logoArbitrum Nova logo