Publications

Introducing the ossification score: an evidence-based metric built on an open dataset of EVM exploits, measuring how blockchain code hardens by securing value over time.

Security Councils are multisigs entrusted with critical powers over a rollup. At L2BEAT we have a first-hand view of how they operate day to day. Here we explore the different designs across Arbitrum, Optimism, Celo, Taiko, and Scroll: what they get right, and where they fall short.

Perp DEXes can let users keep property rights to their collateral and make execution and position management verifiable. We compare Hyperliquid and Lighter across property rights, order fairness, and position fairness.

A session on the broader primitive that lets L1 verify proofs for native rollups and arbitrary guest programs.

How to reveal only what you choose while onchain

Across every centralized venue — crypto or tradFi — you trust the venue to give your money back. Lighter is the only active exchange with a permissionless exit-path verified end-to-end.

The two systems compete for the same institutions. Both promise privacy, compliance, and enterprise-grade finality, and both have signed major banks. Read the marketing and they sound similar. Read the code and they don’t. But what guarantees do they actually give users?

L2BEAT's talk on scaling Ethereum through native rollups.

A short introduction to the original native rollups and EXECUTE proposal.

A comprehensive analysis of Ethereum's Layer 2 ecosystem and its role in institutional adoption.

The interop space has evolved significantly and Bartek Kiepuszewski suggests that a new risk framework for interop is needed.

L2BEAT's Luca Donno on scaling Ethereum — including native rollups (TOKEN2049 Singapore 2025).