Ronin

VerifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover. contract for RISC Zero Groth16A zk-SNARK proving system introduced by Groth in 2016 that proves arithmetic circuits and requires a separate trusted setup for each circuit. It allows extremely efficient proof verification. proofs (version 2.0.0-rc.3).

VerifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover. contract for RISC Zero Groth16A zk-SNARK proving system introduced by Groth in 2016 that proves arithmetic circuits and requires a separate trusted setup for each circuit. It allows extremely efficient proof verification. proofs (version 3.0.0).

The dispute game factory allows the creation of dispute games, used to propose state rootsA cryptographic hash succinctly representing a state using a Merkle tree. and eventually challenge them. This variant exposes per-type reads only; the legacy array views (gameImpls[], initBonds[]) were removed in the new implementation.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner
  • challengerFromDGF: Conduit Multisig 1
  • owner: RoninConduitOwner
  • proposerFromDGF: EOA 2

VerifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover. contract for RISC Zero Groth16A zk-SNARK proving system introduced by Groth in 2016 that proves arithmetic circuits and requires a separate trusted setup for each circuit. It allows extremely efficient proof verification. proofs (version 2.0.3).

The OptimismPortal contract is the main entry point to deposit funds from L1Layer 1 (L1) is a blockchain that is self-reliant on its validator set for its security and consensus properties. Ethereum is an example of a layer 1. Blockchains started receiving the moniker of layer 1 once layer 2 became a meaningful area of development. to L2Layer 2 (L2) is a category of technical solutions aimed to scale the base layer in a trust minimized way. This category includes solutions like rollups as well as state channels and plasma. Other solutions are able to scale further, but with the introduction of additional trust assumptions, which are therefore not trust minimized. Sometimes the term Layer 2 is used to refer to include these solutions too, like validiums and optimiums, but to distinguish between trust minimized and non trust minimized solutions they are often referred to as "light" L2s, opposed to "strong" L2s like rollups.. It also allows to prove and finalize withdrawals. It specifies which game type can be used for withdrawals, which currently is the PermissionedDisputeGame.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner

VerifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover. contract for RISC Zero Groth16A zk-SNARK proving system introduced by Groth in 2016 that proves arithmetic circuits and requires a separate trusted setup for each circuit. It allows extremely efficient proof verification. proofs (version 2.2.0).

Contains configuration parameters such as the SequencerA party responsible for ordering and executing transactions on the rollup. The sequencer verifies transactions, compresses the data into a block, and submits the data related to it to enable state reconstruction to Ethereum L1 as a single transaction. The data can be either transaction data or state diffs. address, gas limitThe maximum amount of gas a transaction or block may consume. on this chain and the unsafe blockAn ordered list of transactions and chain-related metadata that gets bundled together and published to the L1/DA layer. Nodes execute the transactions contained within blocks to change the rollup chain’s state. Protocol rules dictate what constitutes a valid block, and invalid blocks are skipped over. signer address.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner
  • batcherHash: EOA 1
  • owner: RoninConduitOwner

VerifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover. contract for RISC Zero Groth16A zk-SNARK proving system introduced by Groth in 2016 that proves arithmetic circuits and requires a separate trusted setup for each circuit. It allows extremely efficient proof verification. proofs. This older implementation exposes control-root and selector constants but does not expose a VERSION getter.

This is NOT the shared SuperchainConfig contract of the OP stack Superchain but rather a local fork. It manages pause states for each chain connected to it, as well as a global pause state for all chains. The guardian role can pause either separately, but each pause expires after 3mo 1d if left untouched.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner
  • guardian: RoninConduitOwner

Used to bridgeA message-passing protocol between two blockchains. At its most basic, a token bridge consists of a smart contract which can escrow funds on one side of the bridge, and instruct the release or minting of corresponding assets on the other side, but bridges could also support arbitrary messages. How these instructions are validated is a critical factor in assessing the trust assumptions of a bridge. ERC-721 tokens from host chain to this chain.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner

The main entry point to deposit ERC20 tokens from host chain to this chain.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner

Sends messages from host chain to this chain, and relays messages back onto host chain. In the event that a message sent from host chain to this chain is rejected for exceeding this chain’s epoch gas limitThe maximum amount of gas a transaction or block may consume., it can be resubmitted via this contract’s replay function.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner

Contains the latest confirmed state rootA cryptographic hash succinctly representing a state using a Merkle tree. that can be used as a starting point in a dispute game. This variant stores respectedGameType, retirementTimestamp, and disputeGameFinalityDelaySeconds locally and drops the legacy *FromGame fields, since the AggregateVerifier model does not expose vm()/weth()/absolutePrestate() on its game implementation.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner

The PreimageOracle contract is used to load the required data from L1Layer 1 (L1) is a blockchain that is self-reliant on its validator set for its security and consensus properties. Ethereum is an example of a layer 1. Blockchains started receiving the moniker of layer 1 once layer 2 became a meaningful area of development. for a dispute game.

Contract designed to hold the bonded ETH for each game. It is designed as a wrapper around WETH to allow an owner to function as a backstop if a game would incorrectly distribute funds.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner

Implementation of the KailuaGame with type 1337. Based on this implementation, new KailuaGames are created with every new state rootA cryptographic hash succinctly representing a state using a Merkle tree. proposal.

A verifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover. wrapper for the RiscZeroGroth16Verifier that allows pausing (emergency stop) the verifier by its owner.

• Roles:
  • owner: EOA 3

Set verifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover. contract for RISC Zero proofs (version 0.9.0). It allows verifying a whole set of proofs identified with a Merkle root at once, afterwards each individual proof could be efficiently verified just by checking Merkle inclusion against the verified root.

• Roles:
  • owner: RoninConduitOwner

A helper contract that generates OptimismMintableERC20 contracts on the networkA constellation of nodes (peers) that communicate via a peer-to-peer protocol, for example, in propagating transactions and blocks to other nodes. it’s deployed to. OptimismMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed to allow the L1StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to use an OptimismMintableERC20 as this chain’s representation of a token on the host chain, or vice-versa.

• Roles:
  • admin: ProxyAdmin; ultimately RoninConduitOwner

Legacy multi-sig-secured Ronin bridgeA message-passing protocol between two blockchains. At its most basic, a token bridge consists of a smart contract which can escrow funds on one side of the bridge, and instruct the release or minting of corresponding assets on the other side, but bridges could also support arbitrary messages. How these instructions are validated is a critical factor in assessing the trust assumptions of a bridge. contract holding the L1Layer 1 (L1) is a blockchain that is self-reliant on its validator set for its security and consensus properties. Ethereum is an example of a layer 1. Blockchains started receiving the moniker of layer 1 once layer 2 became a meaningful area of development. side of deposits made before the April 2025 Chainlink CCIP migration. Still custodies residual user balances (ETH backing legacy WETH on Ronin, the deprecated WBTC contract, and dust). Withdrawals authorised by the Ronin BridgeOperator stake-weighted threshold via MainchainBridgeManager.

• Roles:
  • admin: MainchainBridgeManager

Proxy in front of the Kailua proof verifierAn entity in a ZK-Rollup, often a smart contract, that verifies zero-knowledge proofs submitted by a prover.; routes verification requests to the canonical RiscZeroVerifierRouter and asserts the chain-specific rollupA blockchain that inherits consensus and data availability from another blockchain called L1. Rollups enable trust minimized bridges with the base layer via proof systems, either optimistic or zero-knowledge. A rollup without a bridge, or without considering the bridge, is called a sovereign rollup. config and FPVM image ID.

• Roles:
  • admin: RoninConduitOwner

A router proxy that routes to verifiers based on selectors. The mapping can be changed by a permissioned owner (TimelockController).

• Roles:
  • owner: TimelockController; ultimately Safe

The MIPS contract is used to execute the final step of the dispute game which objectively determines the winner of the dispute.

Kailua (RISC Zero ZK fault-proof) treasury: holds participation bonds, mints KailuaGame clones, and defines the vanguard proposerIn the context of L2s, the actor that proposes a claimed state root on L1. The term is also used in the context of Ethereum to refer to the actor that proposes a new block. economics. Bonds confiscated from eliminated proposers are split 1/3 to the proverAn entity that generates the cryptographic proof to convince the verifier that the statement is true. In a ZK-Rollup, the prover generates the ZK (validity) proof to submit to the verifier contract., 1/3 to the tournament winner, 1/3 burned.

• Roles:
  • vanguard: EOA 2

Same as FaultDisputeGame, but only two permissioned addresses are designated as proposerIn the context of L2s, the actor that proposes a claimed state root on L1. The term is also used in the context of Ethereum to refer to the actor that proposes a new block. and challenger.

Immutable emergency-pause contract for the legacy MainchainGateway. Holders of the SENTRY_ROLE can flip MainchainGateway into a paused state to halt deposits and withdrawals in an emergency.