Risk Analysis

L2BEAT Bridges is a work in progress. You might find incomplete research or inconsistent naming. Join our discord to suggest improvements!

Canonical bridges

Active projectsActive90 Archived projectsArchived15

#	Name	Destination What chains can you get to using this bridge?	Validated by How are the messages sent via this bridge checked?	Type Token bridges use escrows and mint tokens. Liquidity Networks use pools and swap tokens. Hybrid do both.	Source Upgradeability Are the Ethereum contracts upgradeable? Note that the delay itself might not be enough to ensure that users can withdraw their funds in the case of a malicious and censoring operator.	Destination Token What is the token that you receive from this bridge?
1	Arbitrum One Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Arbitrum One	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	2d The Security Council can upgrade with no delay. Upgrades are initiated on L2 and have to go first through a 3d delay. Since there is a 1d to force a tx, users have only 2d to exit. If users post a tx after that time, they would need to self propose a root with a 6d 8h delay and then wait for the 6d 8h challenge window, while the upgrade would be confirmed just after the 6d 8h challenge window and the 3d L1 timelock.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
2	OP Mainnet Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust block Proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	OP Mainnet	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
3	Base Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Base	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
4	Polygon PoS	Polygon	Destination Chain Transfers need to be confirmed by 2/3 of Polygon PoS Validators stake.	Token Bridge	48 hours delay The bridge can be upgraded by 5/9 MSig after 48 hour delay.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading. Tokens transferred end up as ERC20 proxies, some of them are upgradable. The contract is named UChildERC20Proxy.
5	Blast Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Blast	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
6	Mantle Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Mantle	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
7	Polygon "Plasma" This project contains unverified contracts.	Polygon	Destination Chain Transfers need to be confirmed by 2/3 of Polygon PoS Validators stake.	Token Bridge	2d delay The bridge can be upgraded by the PolygonMultisig after a delay of 2d.	Native & Canonical MATIC transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
8	Starknet	Starknet	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
9	Ronin V3	Axie Infinity Chain	Third Party 70% out of 22 operators.	Token Bridge	Yes Gateway Proxy can be upgraded by 70% out of 22 operators.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain. The Ronin explorer does not show contract source code!
10	Manta Pacific Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Manta Pacific	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
11	Connext	Various Gnosis, Optimism, Arbitrum, Polygon, BSC, Base, Linea, Metis	Various AMBs For BNB Multichain is used, for other chains their native AMBs are used.	Liquidity Network	YES Connext can be upgraded by 3/3 MultiSig	No info This item is still under review.
12	zkSync Era Withdrawals are delayed by 21h. The length of the delay can be arbitrarily set by a MultiSig.	zkSync Era	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
13	Linea The circuit of the program being proven is not public.	Linea	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
14	Omnibridge	Gnosis Chain	Third Party 4 / 8 Validator MultiSig	Token Bridge	Yes Contracts can be upgraded by BridgeGovernance MultiSig	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain. Tokens transferred end up as wrapped ERC677.
15	Metis This project is under review. Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Metis Andromeda	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical METIS transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
16	Portal (Wormhole)	Various Acala, Algorand, Aurora, Avalanche, Binance Smart Chain, Celo, Ethereum, Fantom, Karura, Klaytn, Moonbeam, Near, Oasis, Polygon	Third Party Transfers need to be signed offchain by a set of 2/3 of Guardians and then relayed to the destination chain.	Token Bridge	Yes The code that secures the system can be changed arbitrarily and without notice.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
17	Omnichain (LayerZero) This project contains unverified contracts. The security parameters of each individual token must be individually assessed, and can be changed by the developers. Omnichain tokens are in the early stages of development, use at your own risk.	Various	Third Party Transfers need to be independently confirmed by oracle attesting to source chain checkpoints and Relayer providing proof of the transfer event.	Token Bridge	Yes Omnichain tokens can be individually upgradable and it's security assumptions must be individually assessed for each individual token.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
18	Mode Network Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Mode Network	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
19	dYdX v3 This page describes dYdX v3, which is an L2 built on Ethereum. Recently deployed dYdX v4 is a separate blockchain based on Cosmos SDK, unrelated to Ethereum and is using different technology. No information on this page applies to dYdX v4.	dYdX v3	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no exit window. Upgrades have a 9d delay, (or 2d if shortened by the Priority Controller), but withdrawals can be censored for up to 14d.	Canonical USDC transferred is considered canonical as it is the basis of the perpetual protocol on the chain.
20	Rainbow Bridge	Near, Aurora	Destination Chain Transfers out of the bridge are validated using Optimistic Light Client of Near Chain on Ethereum. Transfers into NEAR are validated by Ethereum light client on NEAR side.	Token Bridge	Yes Bridge cannot be upgraded but 3 / 5 Admin Multisig can move all funds out of the bridge via admin functions with no warning.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading. Tokens minted on AURORA do not appear to be verified on explorer.aurora.dev.
21	Avalanche Bridge	Avalanche	Third Party 6/8 Intel SGX	Token Bridge	EOA Avalanche Bridge uses EOA for Escrow	Wrapped Tokens transferred end up as wrapped ERC20 proxies, the contract is named BridgeToken
22	Chainport This project contains unverified contracts.	Various Optimism, Arbitrum, Polygon, BSC, Avax, Ethereum, Fuse, Fantom, Moonriver, Aurora, Cardano, Dogechain, Telos, Milkomeda, Conflux, Base, Meld, opBNB	Third Party Transfers are controlled by the Chainport Congress.	Token Bridge	Yes The code that secures the system can be changed arbitrarily and without notice.	No info This item is still under review.
23	Immutable X	Immutable X	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
24	Scroll	Scroll	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
25	Polygon zkEVM The forced transaction mechanism is currently disabled.	Polygon zkEVM	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None The Security Council can remove the delay on upgrades. Even though there is a 10d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
26	Astar zkEVM	Astar zkEVM	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None The Security Council can remove the delay on upgrades. Even though there is a 10d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
27	Sygma	Various Phala, Khala, Polygon, Cronos, Base, Gnosis	Third party 4/7 of the MPC group (the Sygma relayer network) is required to create a cross-chain message with the MPC signature.	Hybrid	Yes Contracts are not upgradable, however they are modular and configurable via a MultiSig.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
28	Satellite (Axelar)	Various	Third Party 2/3 Validators' Stake	Hybrid	2/3 Validators' Stake Contracts are upgradable by the same Validators that validate message transfers.	No info This item is still under review.
29	Loopring	Loopring	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical LRC transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
30	PulseChain	PulseChain	Third Party Transfers need to be signed offchain by a designed list of Validators.	Token Bridge	Yes The code that secures the system can be changed arbitrarily and without notice.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
31	ApeX	ApeX	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical USDC transferred is considered canonical as it is the basis of the perpetual protocol on the chain.
32	zkSync Lite	zkSync Lite	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	7d The Security Council can upgrade with no delay. Users have 7d to exit to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 21d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 14d to be processed.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
33	cBridge (Celer)	Various BNB Chain, Avalanche, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, Fantom, Gnosis Chain, Metis, Boba Network	Third Party Transfers need to be signed by external actors set by the governance.	Hybrid	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
34	Aevo Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Aevo	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
35	ZKFair The forced transaction mechanism is currently disabled. The project claims to use CelestiaDA but smart contracts on L1 use DAC. Arbitrary messaging passing is removed from the bridge.	ZKFair	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None The ZkFair Owner can upgrade with no delay. Even though there is a 1d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
36	Across V3	Various Optimism, Polygon, Boba, Arbitrum, ZkSync Era, Linea, Base	Optimistically Optimistic Oracle on Ethereum is used to assert that an action happened on the destination chain. The timeout used here is 1h.	Liquidity Network	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
37	Fraxtal Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Fraxtal	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
38	StarGate (LayerZero) This project contains unverified contracts.	Various BNB Chain, Avalanche, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, Fantom	Third Party Transfers need to be independently confirmed by oracle attesting to source chain checkpoints and Relayer providing merkle proof of the transfer event.	Liquidity Network	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
39	Karak Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Karak	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
40	DeGate V1	DeGate V1	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	30d Users have 30d to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 45d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 15d to be processed.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
41	Arbitrum Nova Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Arbitrum Nova	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	2d The Security Council can upgrade with no delay. Upgrades are initiated on L2 and have to go first through a 3d delay. Since there is a 1d to force a tx, users have only 2d to exit. If users post a tx after that time, they would need to self propose a root with a 6d 8h delay and then wait for the 6d 8h challenge window, while the upgrade would be confirmed just after the 6d 8h challenge window and the 3d L1 timelock.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
42	Hop	Various Polygon, Gnosis, Optimism, Arbitrum	Optimistically Messages are relayed to the destination chain and assumed to be correct unless challenged within the 24 hour fraud proof window.	Liquidity Network	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Canonical The bridge uses a technical hToken that is minted for Liquidity Providers. The hToken is then swapped for canonical tokens on the destination chain
43	rhino.fi	rhino.fi	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable. Users can be explicitly censored from withdrawing (Blocklist on L1).	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
44	Immutable zkEVM	Immutable zkEVM	Third Party 2/3 Validators' Stake	Token Bridge	2/3 Validators' Stake Contracts are upgradable by the same Validators that validate message transfers.	No info This item is still under review.
45	Frax Ferry	Various Arbitrum, Optimism, Fraxtal, Boba, Polygon zkEVM, zkSync	Optimistic Transfers out of the bridge are considered valid if no challenge is submitted within the challenge period of 11h.	Token Bridge	Yes Admin Multisig can move all funds out of the bridge via admin functions with no warning.	No info This item is still under review.
46	Zora Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Zora	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
47	Multichain THE BRIDGE IS NOT SAFE FOR USE. The Multichain's team urges everyone to refrain from using the bridge as it is under investigation by Chinese law enforcement authorities. [<u>For more information, please visit this thread.</u>](https://twitter.com/multichainorg/status/1679768407628185600)	Various Optimism, Gnosis, Smart Bitcoin Cash, ETHPoW, CLV Parachain, Conflux eSpace, Velas EVM, ThunderCore, Metis Andromeda, Fuse, Huobi ECO Chain, Moonbeam, Moonriver, Boba Network Bobabeam, Polygon, Harmony Shard 0, BitTorrent Chain, Dogechain, Milkomeda C1, Rangers Protocol, Kava EVM, Dithereum, MintMe.com, Cronos Mainnet Beta, Fantom, CMP, Boba Network, RSK, KCC, Fusion, Shiden, Telos EVM, Arbitrum One, Arbitrum Nova, Celo, Oasis Emerald ParaTime, Avalanche C-Chain, IoTeX Network, REI, Goerli, Binance Smart Chain, Syscoin, Ontology, Astar, Ethereum Classic, OKXChain, Godwoken, Klaytn Mainnet Cypress, GateChain, TomoChain, Evmos, Near, XRP	Third Party 2/3rd of MPC.	Hybrid	No / EOA Depending on the router configuration escrow contracts are EOAs or Any tokens which cannot be upgraded.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading. Depending on the router configuration either Multichain tokens or Any tokens are minted.
48	Synapse	Various Arbitrum, Avalanche, Aurora, Base, Blast, BNB Chain, Cronos, DFK Chain, Optimism, Polygon, Aurora, Boba Network, Fantom, Metis	Third Party Withdraws are validated by EOA.	Hybrid	3 minutes delay Bridge can be upgraded after 3 minutes delay by a 2/3 Admin MultiSig.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
49	Sorare	Sorare	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
50	RSS3 Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	RSS3 Value Sublayer	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
51	Boba Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Boba Network	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
52	Aptos (LayerZero) This project contains unverified contracts.	Aptos	Third Party Transfers need to be independently confirmed by oracle attesting to source chain checkpoints and Relayer providing merkle proof of the transfer event.	Token Bridge	Yes Token Bridge contracts are not upgradable but the owner (EOA) can remove all the funds after 1 week delay. LayerZero contracts are upgradable without delay.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
53	Gravity	Cosmos	Third Party Transfers need to be approved by 2/3 of the validator set operating in Cosmos Gravity Bridge blockchain.	Token Bridge	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
54	Kroma	Kroma	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
55	Orbit Bridge This project contains unverified contracts. Orbit Bridge has been hacked on 1 Jan 2024 and is potentially not safe to use.	Various Orbit, Klaytn, BNB, Avalanche, Celo, Fantom, destination, HECO, ICON, OKC, Polygon	Third Party MultiSig, quorum depends on destination	Token Bridge	Yes Contract can be upgraded by the 6 / 10 Orbit MultiSig.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading. Tokens are minted as Orbit Bridge specific oTokens.
56	Lyra Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Lyra	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
57	Kinto Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Kinto	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
58	Paradex	Paradex	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical USDC transferred is considered canonical as it is the basis of the perpetual protocol on the chain.
59	Socket The security parameters of each individual token and vault must be individually assessed, and can be changed by the developers. DYOR and use Socket at your own risk.	Various	Third Party Depending on the Switchboard, transfers may need to be independently confirmed by third parties, for example when using FastSwitchboard there is a set of WATCHERS that need to authorize the transfer event.	Token Bridge	Yes Vaults can be individually upgradable and the security assumptions must be individually assessed for each individual vault.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading. Tokens transferred end up as ERC20 proxies, some of them are upgradable. The contract is named UChildERC20Proxy.
60	pNetwork TVL of the bridge does not take into the account pTokens minted on Ethereum. These are wrapped tokens that should be backed 1:1 with their native counterparts on other chains, for example pBTC being backed by BTC on Bitcoin or pFTM backed by FTM on Fantom.	Various Algorand, Polygon, Arbitrum, Bitcoin, BSC, EOS, Telos, xDAI, Ultra, Fio, Fantom, Phoenix	Third Party Transfers need to be signed offchain by a designed address.	Token Bridge	Yes The code that secures the system can be changed arbitrarily and without notice.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
61	SKALE IMA Bridge	Ethereum, SKALE	Destination Chain There are 16 randomly selected validator nodes of the destination chain, 11 of them needs to sign and verify messages	Token Bridge	Yes The bridge can be upgraded by the3 / 5Multisig. There is no delay on the upgrade.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
62	Ankr This project is under review.	Various Arbitrum, Avalanche, Optimism, Fantom, Polygon, Mode	Third Party A withdrawal requires a proof signed by an admin-defined consensus EOA.	Token Bridge	No info This item is still under review.	No info This item is still under review.
63	Symbiosis	Various Ethereum, BNB Chain, Avalanche, Polygon, Telos, Kava, Boba Ethereum, Boba BNB, ZkSync, Arbitrum One, Optimism, Arbitrum Nova, Polygon zkEVM	Third party 2/3 of the MPC group (the Symbiosis relayers network) is required to create a cross-chain message with the MPC signature.	Hybrid	Yes Contracts are upgradable using a Multisig.	Canonical or Wrapped Some tokens transferred are considered canonical but some tokens are not. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
64	ZKSpace	ZKSpace	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	5d Users have 5d to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 8d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 3d to be processed.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
65	Poly Bridge This project contains unverified contracts.	Various	Third Party 3/4 MultiSig of PolyNetwork Keepers	Token Bridge	Yes Contracts can be upgraded	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
66	Allbridge This project contains unverified contracts.	Various Aurora, Avalanche, BNB Chain, Celo, Fantom, Fuse, Harmony, Huobi, Klaytn, Near, Polygon, Solana, Terra Classic, Waves	Third Party ???	Hybrid	???	No info This item is still under review.
67	Optics V2	Celo, Polygon	Third Party Messages are relayed to the destination chain and assumed to be correct unless challenged within the 30m fraud proof window, but the slashing mechanism is not implemented yet.	Token Bridge	Yes Bridge can be upgraded by the Governor MultiSig.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
68	tanX	tanX	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
69	PGN Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Public Goods Network	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
70	xDai Bridge	Gnosis Chain	Third Party 4/6 Validator MultiSig	Token Bridge	Yes Contracts can be upgraded by 7/16 MultiSig	Native Tokens transferred via this bridge end up as xDAI and are used to pay for gas on the destination chain.
71	Orderly Network Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Orderly Network	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
72	Orbiter	Various zkSync, Polygon, Arbitrum, Arbitrum Nova, Loopring, Optimism, ZKSpace, Immutable X, Metis, dYdX, Boba, Starknet, BNB Chain	Third Party Withdrawals are validated by EOA.	Liquidity Network	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
73	Optics V1	Celo, Polygon	Third Party Messages are relayed to the destination chain and assumed to be correct unless challenged within the 3h fraud proof window, but the slashing mechanism is not implemented yet.	Token Bridge	Yes Bridge can be upgraded by the Governor MultiSig.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
74	Ancient8 Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Ancient8	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
75	Harmony	Harmony	Third Party 2/5 MultiSig	Token Bridge	No info This item is still under review.	No info This item is still under review.
76	deBridge	Various Arbitrum, Avalanche, BNB Chain, Polygon	Third Party Signed off-chain by 8 or more deBridge oracles.	Token Bridge	Yes The bridge can be upgraded by 2/3 MSig.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
77	Myria	Myria	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
78	Hypr Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Hypr	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
79	Hyphen	Various Polygon, Avalanche, Optimism, BNB, Arbitrum, Fantom	Third Party Withdrawals are validated by an EOA.	Liquidity Network	Yes Contracts can be upgraded.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
80	Parallel Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Parallel	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
81	Honeypot	Honeypot (Cartesi)	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
82	Edgeless This project is under review.	Edgeless	In review	Optimium	In review	In review
83	Canvas Connect Canvas Connect is currently open only to whitelisted institutional clients.	Canvas Connect	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
84	ReddioEx	ReddioEx	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
85	Metal This project is under review.	Metal	In review	Optimistic Rollup	In review	In review
86	Fuel v1	Fuel v1	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Optimistic Rollup	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
87	Beamer Bridge V2 The bridge is currently paused.	Various Mainnet, Optimism, Arbitrum	Optimistically Claims are considered valid if no challenge is submitted within the claim period (24h). The dispute can either be resolved by the participants or escalated by making use of the canonical bridge.	Liquidity Network	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
88	Davos This project is under review.	Various Arbitrum, Avalanche, Optimism, Polygon, Linea, BNB Chain, Polygon zkEVM	Third Party A withdrawal requires a proof signed by an admin-defined consensus EOA.	Token Bridge	No info This item is still under review.	No info This item is still under review.
89	HYCHAIN This project is under review.	HYCHAIN	In review	Optimium	In review	In review
90	X Layer	X Layer	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None The Security Council can remove the delay on upgrades. Even though there is a 10d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.

#	Name	Destination What chains can you get to using this bridge?	Validated by How are the messages sent via this bridge checked?	Type Token bridges use escrows and mint tokens. Liquidity Networks use pools and swap tokens. Hybrid do both.	Source Upgradeability Are the Ethereum contracts upgradeable? Note that the delay itself might not be enough to ensure that users can withdraw their funds in the case of a malicious and censoring operator.	Destination Token What is the token that you receive from this bridge?
1	Zk.Money v1 (Aztec v1) EOL: Aztec team announced the intent to shut down the infrastructure for this rollup on Mar 13, 2023. On Jan 14, 2024 TurboVerifier contract has been replaced with AlwaysReverting contract effectively halting verification process.	Zk.Money v1 (Aztec v1)	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None 1/2 MSig can change Validator.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
2	Zk.Money v2 (Aztec Connect) EOL: Aztec team announced they are going to shut down the rollup infrastructure on March 21st, 2024. The escape hatch delay has been recently increased to ~136 years, meaning that users will not be able to exit when the operator will be shut down.	Zk.Money v2 (Aztec Connect)	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
3	ZKSwap 1.0 This project contains unverified contracts. Version 3 of the protocol called ZkSpace is available and users are encouraged to move their assets there.	ZKSwap 1.0	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	Unknown Some contracts are not verified, so there is no way to assess the exit window.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
4	Wormhole V1	Various	Third Party Transfers need to be signed offchain by a set of 2/3 of Guardians and then in a permissionless way relayed to the destination chain.	Token Bridge	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
5	Polygon Hermez Hermez and Polygon have recently merged. Hermez and Polygon Hermez are two names for the same rollup.	Polygon Hermez	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	7d Users have 7d to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 7d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 0s to be processed.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
6	ZKSwap 2.0 This project contains unverified contracts. Version 3 of the protocol called ZkSpace is available and users are encouraged to move their assets there.	ZKSwap 2.0	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	Unknown Some contracts are not verified, so there is no way to assess the exit window.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
7	Layer2.Finance This project is under review. Currently the TVL is calculated incorrectly, because it does not take assets locked in DeFi into account.	Layer2.Finance	In review	Optimistic Rollup	In review	In review
8	OMG Network This project contains unverified contracts.	OMG Network	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Plasma	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Native & Canonical OMG transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
9	Gluon LeverJ trading platform appears to be in a maintenance mode as the team moved to build NFT trading platform. Social medias associated with the project are silent since mid 2021.	Gluon	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Plasma	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
10	DeGate V1 Legacy	DeGate V1 Legacy	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
11	Connext (Legacy)	Various Avalanche, BNB Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, Fantom, Gnosis Chain, Arbitrum One, Arbitrum Nova	User Transfer is done via peer-to-peer atomic swap	Liquidity Network	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
12	Nomad The Nomad token bridge contract has recently been exploited and currently is not operational.	Various Avalanche, Evmos, Milkomedia C1, Moonbeam	Third Party Messages are relayed to the destination chain and assumed to be correct unless challenged within the 30m fraud proof window, but the slashing mechanism is not implemented yet.	Token Bridge	Yes Bridge can be upgraded by the Governor MultiSig.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading.
13	L2.Finance-zk This project contains unverified contracts. Layer2.finance-ZK has been shut down, users are encouraged to use optimistic rollup version.	L2.Finance-zk	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	Validium	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Canonical Tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.
14	Sollet Sollet Bridge becomes deprecated on Oct 31, 2022. Users are encouraged to use Wormhole instead.	Solana	Third Party Withdrawals need to be signed by an EOA account.	Token Bridge	No The code that secures the system can never change.	Wrapped Tokens transferred by the bridge are not canonical. Users who wish to obtain the canonical counterparts need to do so by trading. Sollet Bridge and its wrapped asset are deprecated in favor of assets bridged via Wormhole.
15	DeGate Legacy	DeGate Legacy	Ethereum Smart contracts on Ethereum validate all bridge transfers.	ZK Rollup	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Native & Canonical ETH transferred via this bridge is used to pay for gas and other tokens transferred are considered canonical on the destination chain.

About L2BEAT

L2BEAT is a public goods company dedicated to providing on-chain transparency.

What sets L2BEAT apart is our unwavering commitment to delivering accurate and reliable information. We strive to be an impartial and independent watchdog that acts in the best interest of users and the broader ecosystem while always remaining credibly neutral and faithful to reality and facts. We deliver data and tools that allow our community to educate themselves, transact securely, and make well-informed decisions.

This approach has earned us recognition and a solid reputation in the industry, garnering praise from the global Ethereum community and making our voice highly valued by numerous organizations and institutions. We are unafraid of being vocal and opinionated when our values are at stake.

Our work spans a wide range of areas, including:

Research and analysis of public protocols, including L2s and bridges,
Participation in protocol governance and security councils,
Development of transparency solutions like explorers,
Monitoring of smart contract upgrades,
Operation of nodes, and validators,
Publication of research reports,
Organization of conferences.

We receive generous funding from various public goods organizations, such as Gitcoin and the Ethereum Foundation, as well as from various private donors and investors. Additionally, we collaborate closely with leading companies in the space by accepting grants for specific projects.

You most likely have a lot of questions. We have created the Frequently Asked Questions page just for you.