Risk Analysis

Active projectsActive Archived projectsArchived

#	Name	State validation	Data availability	Upgradeability	Sequencer failure	Proposer failure
1	Arbitrum One	Fraud proofs (INT)	On chain	~12d 9h or no delay	Self sequence	Self propose
2	Optimism	In development	On chain	Yes	Self sequence	Cannot withdraw
3	zkSync Era	ZK proofs	On chain (SD)	Yes	Enqueue via L1	Cannot withdraw
4	dYdX	ZK proofs (ST)	On chain	9d or 2d delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
5	Loopring	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	Yes	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
6	Metis Andromeda	In development	Optimistic (MEMO)	Yes	Enqueue via L1	Cannot withdraw
7	Immutable X	ZK proofs (ST)	External (DAC)	14d delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
8	zkSync Lite	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	21d or no delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
9	Starknet	ZK proofs (ST)	On chain	Yes	No mechanism	Cannot withdraw
10	rhino.fi	ZK proofs (ST)	External (DAC)	14d delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
11	Polygon zkEVM	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	10d or no delay	No mechanism	Self propose
12	ApeX	ZK proofs (ST)	External (DAC)	14d delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
13	ZKSpace	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	8 days delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
14	Sorare	ZK proofs (ST)	External (DAC)	14d delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
15	Arbitrum Nova	Fraud proofs (INT)	External (DAC)	~12d 9h or no delay	Self sequence	Self propose
16	Boba Network	In development	On chain	Yes	Enqueue via L1	Cannot withdraw
17	Aztec Connect	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	Yes	Self sequence	Self propose
18	Aztec	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	Yes	Self sequence	Self propose
19	DeGate	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	No	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
20	Layer2.Finance	Fraud proofs (1R)	On chain	No	No mechanism	Cannot withdraw
21	Myria	ZK proofs (ST)	External (DAC)	14d delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
22	Canvas Connect	ZK proofs (ST)	External (DAC)	Yes	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
23	Fuel v1	Fraud proofs (1R)	On chain	No	Self sequence	Self propose

#	Name	State validation	Data availability	Upgradeability	Sequencer failure	Proposer failure
1	ZKSwap 1.0	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	8 days delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
2	Polygon Hermez	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	7 days delay	Force via L1	Self propose
3	ZKSwap 2.0	ZK proofs (SN)	On chain	8 days delay	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
4	Gluon	Fraud proofs (!)	External	Yes	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
5	OMG Network	Exits only	External	Yes	Force via L1	Use escape hatch
6	L2.Finance-zk	ZK proofs (ST)	External (DAC)	Yes	Force via L1	Use escape hatch

–This project is built using StarkEx.

–This project is based on Optimism's code base.

–This project is based on zkSync's code base.

–This project is based on loopring's code base.

About L2BEAT

L2BEAT is an analytics and research website about Ethereum layer two (L2) scaling. We provide a comparison of the various Ethereum L2 systems available today.

An important differentiator between L2BEAT and similar sites is that L2BEAT is committed to educating users and lists only projects that match our narrow definition of L2. We define layer two as a chain that fully or partially derives its security from layer one Ethereum so that users do not have to rely on the honesty of L2 validators for the security of their funds.

Because of our commitment to education we present various non-trivial metrics aside from Total Value Locked (TVL). We have carefully examined each L2 project to determine the inner workings of their technology as well as the associated risks. To learn about any of our listed projects visit their respective page on L2BEAT.

We have also compiled a list of Frequently Asked Questions that will help explain some of the decisions we made for our site. We hope you find L2BEAT a valuable resource.